Central South University

Global 30-Year Trajectory and Socioeconomic Disparities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults (1990–2021)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an escalating global health crisis among aging populations, warranting a comprehensive epidemiological assessment to support evidence-based policy development. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we exam...

Field and numerical investigation of multi-hole delay regulation for blast vibration and rock damage control

Reasonable delay-time determination in millisecond blasting is essential for controlling blast-induced vibration and improving blasting performance. However, numerical delay times cannot always be directly applied to field production blasting because of the discrepancy between si...

Endogenous Functional Group Engineering Enables High‐Efficiency Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐ion Batteries

ABSTRACT Hard carbon is a leading anode for sodium‐ion batteries, but its widespread use is still prevented from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unstable electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. In this work, we show that engineering endogenous functional groups can directly...

New Insights into the Structural Stability of Carbonyl Sodium-Storage Anodes Based on Janus Dione

Abstract Developing advanced sodium-storage electrodes is of great importance for the advancement of sodium-ion batteries; herein, s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (ICTO) is employed for the first time as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). By converting anhydrid...

Multi-cell death gene signature predicts lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and reveals FURIN regulates ferroptosis via NRF2-xCT-GPX4 axis

FURIN, a proprotein convertase, has been implicated in tumor progression. Nevertheless, how it contributes to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and ferroptosis is still not well understood. We investigated FURIN expression and its prognostic value using the TCGA-LUAD cohort, CPTAC, and...

Lactate suppresses T follicular helper cells in lupus in association with metabolic-epigenetic reprogramming

Aberrant CD4⁺ T cell differentiation, particularly the expansion of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is critically dependent on metabolic reprogramming. Although altered lactate metabolism has been implicated in autoimmune d...

Application Progress of hydrogels in aqueous zinc batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as highly promising candidates for next-generation flexible energy storage, driven by the intrinsic safety, earth-abundance, low cost, and exceptional volumetric capacity of metallic zinc. However, the widespread application of trad...

Multi-gate organic dendritic transistors for spatiotemporal BCM learning

The Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro (BCM) learning rule effectively mitigates the issue of synaptic weight oversaturation in Hebbian learning via a sliding threshold dependent on historical neuronal activity. However, existing hardware implementations focus primarily on temporal history...

Sliding-ferroelectric order imprinted onto excitonic and valley responses in van der Waals heterostructures

Ferroelectricity driven by interlayer sliding provides a distinct route to nonvolatile control in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, yet resolving stacking-dependent ferroelectric states and their local interfacial consequences remains challenging. Here, we report that bilayer...

Shaking table test on accumulation of excess pore water pressure in silty sand ground subjected to repeated liquefaction histories

Silty sand seabed deposits may experience repeated liquefaction during offshore earthquake sequences, posing a threat to marine infrastructure. Modeling tests offer an effective way to reproduce the dynamic response of saturated deposits under seismic loading. Previous shaking ta...

Energy Transfer-Mediated Carboamination of Alkenes to Access γ-Amino-1,3-dicarbonyl Scaffolds

Abstract A visible light-induced, energy transfer-mediated strategy for the carboamination of alkenes was developed using a rationally designed enyl oxime ester-based bifunctional reagent, enabling the efficient construction of structurally diverse γ-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compound...

Synthesis of α′H-belite calcium sulfoaluminate cement from lithium slag: Raw mix design for tailoring clinker mineral phase composition and hydration kinetics

Based on the chemical composition of lithium slag (LMS), a high-belite calcium sulfoaluminate (HB-CSA) clinker containing 18.45% α′ H -C 2 S was synthesized by tailoring the raw mix design. The effects of the basicity coefficient and Al/S̄ ratio on clinker phase assemblage and th...

Enhanced flotation separation of fine ilmenite from titanaugite using 5-alkyl salicylhydroxamic acid

To enhance the flotation separation of fine ilmenite and titanaugite, three novel alkyl salicylhydroxamic acids, 5-isopropyl salicylhydroxamic acid (ISHA), 5- tert -butyl salicylhydroxamic acid (TBSHA), and 5- tert -amyl salicylhydroxamic acid (TASHA), were developed. Flotation r...

Single-Atom Modification Enables Reversal of Degradation Selectivity between NSD2 and GSPT1

Abstract Both NSD2 and GSPT1 represent compelling targets for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we carried out single-atom modification of LLC0424, an NSD2 degrader with GSPT1 neosubstrate engagement, to yield two structurally analogous molecules with divergent modes of action:...

Repair Economics for Tool-Calling LLM Agents: the Gain, the Side Effects and the Cost of Failure Recovery

Agents built on large language models (LLMs) do their work by calling tools, and tools fail. The default engineering answer — “wrap it in a retry” — is never costed. We study repair economics: what a failure-recovery strategy buys in task success, what it costs in API calls, and...

The Executioners of Mitochondrial Apoptosis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Advances of BAX, BAK, and BOK

ABSTRACT The BCL‐2 family effector proteins BAX, BAK, and BOK are pivotal regulators of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. They act as the ultimate executioners responsible for the irreversible step of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Their molecular conformations...

Physics-Guided Modeling and Artificial Intelligence for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Extreme Environments

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) deployed in aviation, underwater, and space applications encounter different combinations of environmental and mission constraints. These include altitude-dependent oxygen supply, flight-load transients, closed reactant loops,...

Complex metatarsal defect reconstruction with vascularized bone and soft-tissue flaps

Complex metatarsal defects, particularly those accompanied by soft-tissue loss, are difficult to reconstruct because both skeletal continuity and durable wound coverage must be restored. Existing evidence is largely limited to isolated case reports and small series with short fol...

Write-Time Contracts for Self-Evolving LLM Agents: a Three-Way Ledger of Gain, Regression, and Cost

Agents that edit their own prompt, skills and memory promise continuous improvement after deployment, but a self-editing agent can also damage behaviour that already worked, and it can modify the very artefacts used to measure it. We study write-time contracts: a kernel/layer sep...

Fatigue crack growth analysis using a coupled approach of 3D peridynamics and 1D high-order refined elements

To efficiently simulate 3D fatigue crack nucleation and growth, this paper incorporates a peridynamic (PD) fatigue model into a coupled local/non-local computational framework. In the critical damage zone, fatigue degradation is described by a 3D bond-based PD model equipped with...