Central South University

Rows Are Not Samples: Duplicate Records, Evaluation Bias, and Ranking Distortion in Standard Tabular Benchmarks

Standard tabular benchmarks are routinely evaluated with random stratified K-fold cross-validation, a protocol that treats every row as an independent sample. When a dataset contains duplicate records, that assumption fails: the same record can appear in both the training and the...

Progress in research on the generation and applications of vascular organoids

Vascular organoids (VOs) are constructed by directing the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into two key functional vascular cell types—endothelial cells (ECs) and mural cells (MCs). This process generates perfusable, three-dimensional (3D) vascular...

Physics-Guided Modeling and Artificial Intelligence for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Extreme Environments

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) deployed in aviation, underwater, and space applications encounter different combinations of environmental and mission constraints. These include altitude-dependent oxygen supply, flight-load transients, closed reactant loops,...

Extracting Reproducibility Metadata from Machine-Learning Papers: a Taxonomy of Silent Errors and the Cost of Human Verification

Reproducing a machine-learning result requires knowing how the experiment was run: the data, the model and its size, the optimiser, the learning rate, the batch size, the number of steps, the hardware and the seeds. This information is scattered through a paper---often only in a...

Complex metatarsal defect reconstruction with vascularized bone and soft-tissue flaps

Complex metatarsal defects, particularly those accompanied by soft-tissue loss, are difficult to reconstruct because both skeletal continuity and durable wound coverage must be restored. Existing evidence is largely limited to isolated case reports and small series with short fol...

Highly Controllable Polarity in Two-Dimensional Vertical Transistors

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) vertical transistors, featuring atomically thin channels and an inherent vertical architecture, hold extensive promise for ultrascaled electronics. However, achieving reliable polarity control in such devices has remained a persistent challenge over...

A dual-tower multimodal framework with feature quality enhancement for predicting pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a multicenter study

BACKGROUND: Pathological complete response (pCR) is a key endpoint following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer, with potential to guide treatment adaptation and surgical de-escalation. However, limited generalizability across institutions remains a major challenge d...

Remote behavioural activation therapy for depressive symptoms among older adults in resource-limited settings: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Depressive symptoms represent a severe mental health burden among older adults, particularly in resource-limited settings with scarce mental healthcare resources. Although behavioural activation is an established evidence-based intervention, the efficacy of remote behavioural act...

Multi-omics Mendelian randomisation reveals distinct molecular drivers of pathological myopia complications vs simple myopia

Background: Pathological myopia complications are leading causes of irreversible blindness, yet the molecular mechanisms distinguishing them from simple myopia remain poorly understood. We aimed to compare the molecular profiles associated with pathological myopia complications a...

Application of Retrieval-Augmented Generation Large Language Models in Stomatology: A Scoping Review

Large language models (LLMs) have been gradually applied to tasks such as specialized question answering, educational assistance, clinical decision support, and knowledge integration in stomatology. However, general-purpose LLMs still suffer from critical limitations, including o...

The mediating role of AI anxiety between AI literacy and attitudes towards AI in nursing students: a cross-sectional study

AI is a key driver in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, significantly impacting healthcare. Nursing students’ acceptance and readiness to use AI are crucial for its successful integration. Understanding their perceptions is vital to prepare them for the intelligent healthcare era...

Molecular Gating of the Reactive Water Topological Network for Stable Aqueous Zn Batteries

ABSTRACT The instability of aqueous Zn batteries originates not only from the intrinsic reactivity of water, but also from the continuous hydrogen‐bonded network that enables cooperative interfacial degradation. In conventional aqueous electrolytes, this percolated water network...

Molecular Tailoring of Succinonitrile Reshapes Na + Solvation and Interfacial Chemistry in High-Voltage Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium Metal Batteries

Abstract Solid-state polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) are pivotal for high-safety, high-energy-density sodium metal batteries, yet suffer from inadequate room-temperature ionic conductivity and unstable electrode interfaces. Here, molecular tailoring of succinon...

Pola-R-CHP in previously untreated DLBCL with international prognostic index score 0–1: a multicenter real-world retrospective study in China

Abstract Purpose Approximately 30% of newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases are categorized as low-risk by the international prognostic index (IPI). Polatuzumab vedotin, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (Pola-R-CHP) has demonstrated e...

GeoAgentbench: a dynamic execution benchmark for tool-augmented agents in spatial analysis

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) marks a paradigm shift toward autonomous spatial analysis. However, evaluating these LLM-based agents remains challenging due to the complex, multi-step nature of geospatial workflows. Exist...

From bowing to fracture

Aims Congenital anterolateral bowing of the tibia represents the prefracture stage of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. However, specific radiological factors which are predictive of fracture remain poorly defined. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate whethe...

Quantitative liver stiffness and steatosis burden in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: associations and incremental utility assessed by explainable machine learning

Whether quantitative liver steatosis and stiffness provide vascular-risk information beyond conventional cardiometabolic factors remains uncertain. We evaluated their multivariable-adjusted associations and incremental utility for identifying subclinical carotid atherosclerosis....

Effectiveness and implementation of task-sharing cognitive-behavioral interventions for perinatal mental health: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analyses

Cognitive behavioural interventions (CBIs) delivered by nonspecialist providers (NSPs) offer a scalable strategy to address the global mental health workforce gap, enhancing access to evidence-based care for perinatal depression and anxiety. The objective of this systematic revie...

Degradation-Informed Resource Recovery of Spent Graphite Anodes for Sustainable Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling

Abstract As lithium-ion batteries enter the terawatt-hour era, spent graphite can no longer be treated as a low-value residue within metal-centered recycling schemes. The central challenge is not simply impurity removal but the misrecognition of degradation itself. Interlayer exp...

Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioma: Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Implications for Clinical Therapy

BACKGROUND: Gliomas are metabolically heterogeneous tumors in which mitochondria coordinate bioenergetics, biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, stress adaptation, and treatment responses. This review examines mitochondrial dependencies across glioma subtypes and cell states. METHODS:...