Washington University in St. Louis

The primary premium: Why legislators are incentivized to side with primary voters over general election voters

How are legislators incentivized to behave when their primary and general electorates disagree about an issue? We argue that primary electorates are generally more unified in their issue preferences and more sensitive to roll-call positions than general electorates, incentivizing...

Toward actionable biomarkers in psychiatry: a collaborative roadmap for precision clinical trials. An ACNP position paper

Abstract Psychiatric drug development remains constrained by diagnostic heterogeneity, insufficient and inconsistent drug response, high placebo response rates, and the absence of validated biomarkers that can reliably guide patient stratification, trial design, and regulatory de...

Hyperoxia and neurologic complications in pediatric veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective ELSO registry study

Hyperoxia can contribute to neurologic injury through oxidative injury and platelet activation leading to microvascular thrombosis in critical illness. We aimed to determine if hyperoxia exposure during ECMO is associated with increased neurologic complications. Secondarily, we a...

Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Analysis in Diagnosis and Treatment Evaluation of Pediatric Disc Herniation Patients: A Preliminary Study

BACKGROUND: Compared with adults, children with intervertebral disc herniation often face delayed diagnoses due to atypical presentations and symptom overlap with other musculoskeletal disorders. While non-operative treatments such as physical therapy and NSAIDs are typically fir...

Delivery of miR-181a/b-1 enhances endochondral fracture repair by targeting PDK4 and regulating mitochondrial metabolism

We previously reported an in vitro pro-osteogenic function for miR-181a/b-1, in part, via increasing mitochondrial metabolism. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of miR-181a/b-1 on bone repair in vivo, and to discover metabolism-related mechanisms. Here we show th...

Sexual health and healthy aging: the five ‘I’s conceptual framework

Sexual health remains important throughout life, including in older age. This special collection shows that older adults need respectful, inclusive, and culturally appropriate sexual health services. The five ’I’s framework – importance, individuality, inclusion, involvement, and...

The Effect of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) continues to have increased use, and about 6 out of every 100 individuals are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies have shown that PTSD affects bone health and joint arthroplasty outcomes. Although bo...

Guaranteed Income and the Financial Well-Being of Black Women: Evidence from the In Her Hands Pilot

Abstract This study examines the impact of guaranteed income (GI) on financial well-being through a U.S. pilot program targeting low-income Black women. Using longitudinal survey data from the In Her Hands (IHH) pilot in Georgia, we examine how GI influences recipients’ credit he...

A physics-informed spatiotemporal downscaling model for kilometer-scale hourly humid heat stress indices

High-resolution humid heat stress indices, characterizing the interactive physiological effects of temperature and humidity, are vital for precision heat-health assessment and climate adaptation. However, existing coarse-resolution datasets smooth fine-scale spatial heterogeneity...

Electrically controllable superconducting memory effect in UTe2

Abstract Multiphase superconductors—materials that host two or more distinct superconductive phases—are exceptionally rare. Examples include heavy-fermion CeRh 2 As 2 alongside some uranium compounds such as UPt 3 and URhGe (refs. 1,2,3 ). In the multiphase p -wave superfluid 3 H...

The orientation of cholesterol’s hydroxy group affects its membrane dynamics and intracellular transport

The brain, though less than 10% of body mass, contains about 25% of total cholesterol (CHL), emphasizing CHL's key role in neuronal function. Many actions of CHL are stereospecific, as shown by differences from its 3 α -hydroxy epimer, epicholesterol (epiCHL). How this minor stru...

Laminar architecture of a decision circuit in the mouse orbitofrontal cortex

During economic choice, different neurons in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encode individual offer values, the binary choice outcome, and the chosen value. Previous work suggests that these cell groups form a decision circuit, but the anatomical organization of this circuit is poorl...

Quality Components for Pediatric Cancer Communication in Global Settings

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In pediatric cancer care, high-quality communication reduces parental anxiety, increases trust, enables decision-making, and fosters hope. This study sought to develop globally applicable quality components for patient-centered pediatric cancer communica...

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently defined tumor type that is not well-understood. Prognostic factors of clinical outcomes are not well-established. METHODS: Methylation profiling was performed on tumor samples, many at the National Cance...

Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: A Systematic Review of Evidence for Its Persistence, Identification, and Effects in the Indoor Environment

Abstract Tobacco smoke can affect indoor air quality on both short and long time scales. Active tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are known to be harmful to human health and to degrade indoor environmental quality. The potential effects of thirdhand tobacco smoke (THS...

AI‐Empowered Hyper‐Information Barcodes for Multiparameter Sensing With a Single Multimode Microresonator

ABSTRACT Accurate multiparameter sensing is crucial for characterizing and analyzing complex interactions in dynamic environments, providing deeper insights and enabling effective decision‐making across various fields. Conventional multiparameter sensors typically rely on multipl...

TET2 loss triggers ssDNA gap accumulation and heightened PARP inhibitor sensitivity

Somatic mutations in the de novo methyltransferase DNMT3A and cytosine demethylase TET2 are common in age-related clonal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic neoplasms. TET2 mutations, unlike DNMT3A mutations, increase sensitivity to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). We find that TET2 loss, bu...

Maternal neighborhood deprivation and its association with early childhood neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely preterm infants

Abstract Objective Evaluate whether maternal Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at age 2 in extremely preterm infants. Study design Retrospective cohort study of infants <29 weeks’ gestation at four NICUs spanning multiple US regio...

Microglial GRB2 is essential for brain ventriculogenesis and CSF homeostasis

Microglia play essential yet poorly understood roles in brain development, including axon guidance, regulation of neurogenesis, and pruning of neuronal projections. Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by enlarged cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled ventricles, is a leading...

Unphosphorylated tyrosines mediate PD-1 inhibition of T cell signaling condensate formation

T cell receptor (TCR) engagement stimulates formation of a biomolecular condensate, including the scaffold protein linker of activated T cells (LAT). We investigated whether the immune-inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibits by impeding TCR-induced LAT...