Washington University in St. Louis

Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning applied to liver MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma detection: a systematic review and HSROC meta-analysis of patient-level evidence

Abstract Background Liver MRI is central to non-invasive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Deep learning (DL) is increasingly studied for detection and interpretation, but the maturity, transportability, and patient-level diagnostic evidence for these systems remain uncer...

Pathway-dependent reactive oxygen species accumulation accelerate genetic instability and drive loss of production

Microbial bioproduction usually becomes unstable during prolonged scale-up fermentation because non-producing mutants can outcompete high-producing cells. As ubiquitous byproducts of aerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can accumulate during production, yet their eff...

The TOP ‐ GERD Trial: Comparative Efficacy of Tegoprazan Versus Pantoprazole in the Treatment of Erosive Oesophagitis in a Non‐Asian Population

ABSTRACT Background Potassium‐competitive acid blockers provide rapid and sustained acid suppression, but tegoprazan has not been studied in non‐Asian populations. Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of tegoprazan 50 mg once daily with pantoprazole 40 mg once daily for healing...

Implementation mapping, research capacity building and reflexivity: a case study on how to select implementation strategies to increase reach of HPV vaccination in Zambia

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is effective in preventing most cervical cancer, but coverage is low in Zambia. In this methods paper, we describe how we adapted implementation mapping to select and develop implementation strategies for HPV vaccination delivery by embeddin...

Association between medical school admission pathways and documented extracurricular research participation: a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study

Abstract Background Medical schools that use multiple admission pathways may admit students with varying research-related experiences and opportunities. We examined the association between admission pathway and documented extracurricular research participation during medical trai...

Robust Quantile-Structure Inversion for Cloud Model Parameter Identification

Cloud-model hyper-entropy can be overestimated when a scale-inflated subpopulation broadens the tails. We develop a quantile-based estimator that removes location and common scale before recovering cloud shape. Influence normalization balances the selected contrasts, and a prespe...

Assessing and Addressing Frailty in Candidates for Lung Transplantation: An ISHLT Consensus Statement.

The ISHLT Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates recommends frailty assessment as part of a comprehensive candidacy evaluation. Missing from this and other recent consensus documents were practical recommendations on which frailty measures to consider...

Grief in Neurosurgery: Reframing Loss and Identity Through Lived Experience.

Grief is an under-recognized yet pervasive experience in neurosurgery, arising not only from the death of patients and loved ones but also from losses related to professional identity, health, and personal relationships. Despite its relevance, grief is often conflated with burnou...

Maternal Depression, Childhood Resting‐State Brain Connectivity, and Adolescent Depression During the COVID‐19 Outbreak

Adolescents of mothers with a history of depression are at increased risk for developing depression themselves. These adolescents may have been especially vulnerable to depression under conditions of stress, such as the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the comple...

Modeling decision dynamics disentangles working memory, cognitive control and reinforcement learning and reveals clinical differences

Various neurocognitive processes contribute to reinforcement learning (RL) and decision making, requiring careful task designs and computational modeling to disentangle them. People rely on capacity-limited working memory (WM) to rapidly and flexibly adapt behavior during learnin...

Patient perspectives on cardioprotective medication during breast cancer treatment

Cardiotoxicity remains a key concern of HER2-directed therapies, with no proven prevention strategies. The success of cardioprotective interventions will depend not only on efficacy, but on patient acceptability, an underexplored determinant of trial participation and clinical im...

Mediating effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the association between depression, anxiety, and cardiometabolic disorders in a multiethnic US population

Abstract Neuroinflammation is associated with depression and anxiety risk, both of which demonstrate a bilateral relationship with cardiometabolic disorders. Systemic inflammation was also commonly described in patients with cardiometabolic disorders. It is, thus, unclear whether...

Reasons Isolated from Good Reasoning

On a popular and influential view, normative reasons are premises in good reasoning, where good reasoning manifests a pattern of reasoning that normally preserves fittingness. I develop two counterexamples to this view: isolated *pro tanto* reasons that are either weak or normall...

Two closely related β-1,2-xylosyltransferases differentially impact cryptococcal glycan synthesis

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients, which in severe cases leads to fatal meningoencephalitis. Cryptococcus exhibits unique glycobiology that plays important roles in pathogenesis. Unli...

Review Article: Cancer Surveillance for Early Detection of Liver Cancer in Patients with HBV Infection

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although antiviral therapy reduces cirrhosis and liver failure, HCC may still develop in patients with HBV, including in non-cirrhotic livers. This review aimed...

Expanded Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Cerebral X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Umbilical cord blood transplantation is a viable source of stem cells due to accessibility and low incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease despite human‐leukocyte‐antigen mismatching. Disadvantages of low stem cell dose in larger recipients include delayed immune...

Integrated multiomic diagnostics in central nervous system tumors from clinical readiness to practical prioritization

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a biologically heterogeneous group of neoplasms in which accurate classification is essential for prognosis, therapeutic planning, and clinical trial eligibility. Contemporary diagnosis increasingly incorporates molecular findings alo...

Early metabolic rewiring precedes arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in human lung epithelial cells

Chronic, low-dose inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is a major environmental risk factor for lung cancer, yet the early cellular events that link low-dose exposure to carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Because most people are exposed to iAs at low, chronic doses rather than...

Real‐world outcomes of nivolumab‐ AVD and brentuximab vedotin‐ AVD in paediatric and adult advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma

Summary Brentuximab vedotin (BV)‐doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (AVD) and nivolumab (N)‐AVD have transformed the frontline treatment of advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), yet real‐world comparative data remain limited. In this multicentre retrospective study across 1...

Modeling psychological processes in tinnitus disorder: Comparison of quantitative methods

Tinnitus is a common experience, and a minority of people experience severe distress related to their tinnitus. Studies of the contribution of psychological factors are often small and replications are rare. Here we examined adults ( N = 125) with tinnitus distress who responded...