University of Oxford

Diabetes and Driving: How Predictive Technologies Will Alter Ethical and Legal Responsibilities

In 2023, a 67-year-old man with long-standing type 1 diabetes experienced a severe hypoglycemic episode and drove into an outdoor dining area in Victoria, Australia, killing 5 people and injuring several others. Although the charges against the driver were dismissed, future cases...

Autistic and non-autistic children’s perceptual decision-making in visual orientation and motion tasks and the effect of task instructions

Abstract Diffusion decision models (DDMs) offer the potential to go beyond standard accuracy and response-time indices to better understand perceptual decision-making in autism. One unanswered question is whether autistic participants can flexibly adjust the speed and accuracy of...

Differential Effect of Formality of Speech Style on Negation Selection in Korean Children and Adults

Abstract Korean negation has two forms, Short-Form Negation (SFN) and Long-Form Negation (LFN), claimed to have different pragmatic meanings in terms of formality. This paper investigated whether Korean 5-year-old children and adults responded to the level of formality in a conve...

Cripping the Transition to Practice: A Longitudinal Qualitative Analysis of Disabled Doctors’ First Year Experiences

Abstract Introduction The transition from medical student to doctor is demanding. Although research has explored preparedness and wellbeing, disabled doctors’ experiences remain underexamined, risking a homogenised understanding of a process that is likely experienced unevenly ac...

Persistence of immune responses 5 years after vaccination with a single dose of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in Nepalese children

Background A single-dose typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) has been recommended in endemic settings. Here we report the 5-year immunogenicity results post a single dose of TCV in Nepal. Methods We conducted a participant- and observer-blinded randomised trial (RCT) in Lalitpur, Nep...

Steric control of signaling bias in the immunometabolic receptor GPR84

Abstract Biased signaling in G protein-coupled receptors offers therapeutic promise, yet rational design of biased ligands remains challenging due to limited mechanistic understanding. Here, we report a molecular basis for controlling signaling bias at the immunometabolic recepto...

Magnitude of Survival Benefit Associated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Incorporating Updated Long-Term Evidence From SELECT (Lenvatinib) and COSMIC-311 (Cabozantinib) Trials

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have transformed the management of advanced thyroid carcinoma. However, newer agents and updated long-term evidence from pivotal trials have not been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis integrates rec...

Pharmacist-supported audit and feedback intervention to reduce Gentamicin prescribing errors in neonatal inpatient care in Kenya: a natural experiment using interrupted time series analysis

Abstract Background Approximately 14.9% of medications prescribed during hospital care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contain errors, with neonates who experience high morbidity and mortality in these settings being particularly vulnerable. Gentamicin, a common first...

Metabolic engineering and deep learning-driven protein engineering for N-Acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) is a sialic acid valued in pharmaceuticals and infant nutrition, and microbial synthesis offers a scalable route once the pathway’s catalytic bottlenecks are relieved. We combine deep learning with metabolic engineering to build a high-titer NeuAc-...

Movement-Related Differences Between Infants with High and Low Likelihood of Autism: A Longitudinal Study Using Markerless Motion Tracking

Background: Motor behaviour has been shown to differ in both complexity and variability between neurotypical and autistic populations. However, there is little research on the early development of specific kinematic features and their timing of emergence in early life. Methods: T...

Quantifying the Photoelectrochemically Active Surface Area for Oxygen Evolution Metal Oxide Photoelectrocatalysts

Abstract Nanostructuring is established as a photoelectrode performance enhancing route for solar-driven catalytic processes. However, it is often unclear to what extent the increase in photoelectrode physical surface area directly results in a commensurate increase in photoelect...

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a genome-wide association meta-analysis and polygenic risk score

ABSTRACT Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heritable trait with marked variability in expression and outcomes. Our aims were to discover new genetic loci associated with HCM and to test the effect of a new polygenic risk score (PRS) on incidence, phenotype and out...

Effect of human urinary microenvironment and fluid flow on antibiotic and phage therapy efficacy against uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Abstract Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains a major global health burden, with frequent recurrences and rising antimicrobial resistance compromising treatment efficacy. Conventional susceptibility assays often fail to predict clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for more p...

Sensitivity of cloud structure and precipitation to cloud microphysics schemes in ICON and implications for global km-scale simulations

Abstract. Cloud microphysics remains a major source of uncertainty in km-scale atmospheric models. While cloud-resolving models have advanced our understanding of cloud-climate interactions, their predictability remains limited. Most studies have examined either microphysics sche...

When I use a word . . . Alumni of the Edinburgh Medical School 1726-2026: Robert Darwin versus William Withering

After qualifying in medicine, two members of the Darwin family, each of whom had received some of their medical education in the Edinburgh Medical School in the second half of the 18 th century, set up in medical practice, Erasmus Darwin in Lichfield and his son Robert Waring Dar...

A peroxidase-mimetic platinum nanocluster induces concurrent DNA damage and oxidative cleavage in paediatric glioblastoma cells

The impermeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), formed by a monolayer of endothelial cells, remains a major obstacle for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to the brain. Ultra-small nanoparticles, particularly nanoclusters smaller than 2 nm, offer a promising strategy to over...

Lipemia Retinalis Reversal in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy

This case report describes a diagnosis of lipemia retinalis in a woman aged 27 years with creamy discoloration of the retinal vessels on fundus examination and markedly elevated serum triglyceride levels.

Sym-EFT: Accelerating Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure with Symbolic Regression

Abstract We present an emulator suite for the one- and two-loop cold dark matter power spectrum from the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures (EFTofLSS). Specifically, we emulate separately the various contributions to the one- and two-loop parts of the power spectrum...

Tumor-derived antioxidants suppress immunity by depriving T cells of reactive oxygen species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote genomic instability and fuel oncogenic signaling in cancer, but antioxidant therapies have so far failed to improve, or worsen, cancer outcomes. Emerging data suggest that T cells depend on ROS for signal transduction. In this study, we show...

Floquetifying stabiliser codes with distance-preserving rewrites

Stabiliser codes with large weight measurements can be challenging to implement fault-tolerantly. To overcome this, we propose a Floquetification procedure which, given a stabiliser code, synthesises a novel Floquet code that only uses single- and two-qubit operations. Moreover,...