University of Oxford

Characterisation of liver disease using quantitative MRI: report of the imaging arm of the ELEGANCE study

Evolving disease aetiology and rising prevalence of chronic liver disease are driving an increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Non-contrast quantitative MRI (qMRI) has shown promising capability for characterising liver health and risk of liver related outcomes, but has not...

The genome sequence of the muscid fly, Hydrotaea similis Meade, 1887 (Diptera: Muscidae)

<ns5:p> We present a genome assembly from an individual female <ns5:italic>Hydrotaea similis</ns5:italic> (muscid fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Muscidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 884.66 megabases and 852.78 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (9...

Identity fusion in children: A validation of the Dynamic Identity Fusion Index

Identity fusion is a strong form of group alignment, in which individuals experience a visceral sense of oneness with the group, motivating extreme forms of pro-group action. However, little is known about the emergence and development of identity fusion across the lifespan, larg...

New insights into the diet and economy of the central and northern Transjordan during the Iron Age: Zooarchaeology and stable isotopes analysis of recent excavations (Amman Citadel, Tell Zira’a, Tell Bleibil, and Tell Ushayer)

We investigate the diet and economy of the central and northern Transjordan during the Iron Age (c. 1,200 – 332 BCE). We present four new datasets from recent excavations providing results from zooarchaeology and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on animal remains: Amma...

The genome sequence of a leafhopper, Hebata decipiens (Paoli, 1930) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

<ns5:p> We present a genome assembly from an individual <ns5:italic>Hebata decipiens</ns5:italic> (Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Cicadellidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1 421.96 megabases. Most of the assembly (94.86%) is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomo...

Technical note: examining the response of a large carnivore (Panthera leo) to dummy prey

Abstract Animal dummies (sometimes called decoys or models) are widely used in ecological research to investigate predation, sexual selection, or social communication. The use of this method, however, is generally limited to small-bodied taxa, especially in predation studies. Yet...

Multicenter retrospective study on perceived effectiveness, reported side effects, and cognitive outcomes of SSRIs in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) markedly increases risk of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, and is associated with a spectrum of cognitive impairment, from borderline functioning to intellectual disability, with cognitive decline frequently reporte...

New insights into decadal climate variability in the North Atlantic revealed by data-driven dynamical models

Abstract. The Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are the dominant modes of oceanic and atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic, respectively, and are key sources of predictability from seasonal to decadal timescales. However, th...

Neurodevelopmental and neurological features in children with hypochondroplasia

Abstract Aim To assess neurodevelopmental and neurological features, including neuroimaging abnormalities, in children with molecularly confirmed hypochondroplasia. Method A retrospective cohort study of children with molecularly confirmed hypochondroplasia seen at Evelina London...

Mapping basal ganglia circuitry in altered states of consciousness: from pathology to pharmacology

The precise neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying consciousness and its disorders, despite growing evidence in both animals and humans, remain poorly understood at the subcortical level. The basal ganglia, a key component of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop, are kn...

Ly6d expression delineates two putative postnatal thymus epithelial progenitor cells that are differentially affected by aging

To date, the identity and maintenance of postnatal thymic epithelial progenitor cells (TEPCs) remain unclear, as does the persistence of bipotent TEPCs after birth or whether lineage-restricted progenitors independently maintain separate TEC compartments. Using an inducible linea...

Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Multicenter Evaluation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) are among the most common neurosurgical pathologies. Older adults also often have comorbidities treated with anticoagulant and antiplatelet (ACAP) medications. Managing clinicians frequently must weigh the benefits and...

A Multi-Modal Pre-training Framework-Driven Active Learning System for Enhanced Protein Evolution of Cs CE

Abstract Protein language models have shown strong potential in modeling fitness landscapes for directed evolution; however, their predictive accuracy and generalization to unexplored sequence space remain limited under few-shot learning conditions. Here, we present MmALS (Multi-...

Multi-ancestry conditional and joint analysis applied to GWAS summary statistics

Manc-COJO (Multi-Ancestry Conditional and Joint Analysis) is a C++ software package for identifying independent association signals from multi-ancestry GWAS summary statistics. By jointly modelling association signals across ancestry groups while accounting for ancestry-specific...

Promises and pitfalls of mRNA-based vaccines as cancer treatment

The success of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines has accelerated interest in applying mRNA technology to oncology. mRNA cancer vaccines offer the potential for precise, patient-specific treatment with reduced off-target effects and may become an important component of future cancer ca...

Synergies and trade-offs for reaching global biodiversity and climate commitments

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework strives to expand high-quality protected areas globally, yet faces economic constraints, climate change and human pressures. This requires integrating biological and socio-economic complexity while ensuring equity. We explore mul...

When the brightest is not the best: illuminant estimation from the geometry of specular highlights

Abstract Colour constancy supports stable object colour perception across changes in illumination. Illuminant colour can be inferred from white surfaces or specular highlights, and many models adopt a ‘brightest is white’ heuristic to identify illuminant colour. We tested an alte...

Endoscopic versus catheter-based minimally invasive evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) includes endoscopic evacuation and catheter-based evacuation (aspiration or drainage ± thrombolysis), but comparative performance remains uncertain. We performed a systematic...

Proteomics in cardiology: research and practice

Despite recent advances in prevention and treatment, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of premature death and disability globally, with a rising burden in many low- and middle-income countries. Several modifiable determinants of CVD are well-established (eg, sm...

Trust me, I’m a doctor: a phenomenological account of epistemic privilege in the medical context

In recent years, scholars have exposed epistemic injustices in the medical context that distort the clinical relationship and maintain power imbalances. While there has been a prominent focus on how this imbalance impacts those with diminished epistemic credibility, this is only...