University of Oxford

Inferential planning in the frontal cortex

Abstract How the brain plans and maintains sequences of future actions remains a central question in systems neuroscience. Recent studies in the frontal cortex have revealed that multiple elements of a sequence are represented simultaneously in separable neural subspaces, challen...

On Graphs with Modularity Zero or Near-Zero

It is known that complete graphs and complete multipartite graphs have modularity zero. We show that the least number of edges we may delete from the complete graph $K_n$ to obtain a graph with non-zero modularity is $\lfloor n/2\rfloor +1$. Similarly we determine the least numbe...

Global Existence and Nonlinear Stability of Finite-Energy Solutions of the Compressible Euler–Riesz Equations with Large Initial Data of Spherical Symmetry

Abstract The compressible Euler–Riesz equations are fundamental with wide applications in astrophysics, plasma physics, and mathematical biology. In this paper, we are concerned with the global existence and nonlinear stability of finite-energy solutions of the multidimensional E...

Cumulative spatial assessment of observed wildlife-vehicle collisions based on indicator species thresholds

Global road network expansion has exacerbated wildlife-vehicle collisions. However, traditional risk assessments predominantly assume a linear relationship between landscape features and observed collision quantities, overlooking the non-linear threshold characteristics of ecolog...

The Fyodorov–Hiary–Keating conjecture on mesoscopic intervals

We derive precise upper bounds for the maximum of the Riemann zeta function on a typical short interval of the critical line. We show that for fixed θ∈(−1,0], large T, and y≥2 satisfying y=O(loglogT/logloglogT), the proportion of points t∈[T,2T] for which max|h|≤logθT|ζ(12+it+ih)...

Utility of Face2Gene’s DeepGestalt and D-Score applications in paediatric neurodevelopmental disorders in South Africa

Abstract Face2Gene is a clinical tool that leverages facial features to aid genetic diagnosis. The DeepGestalt application suggests potential diagnoses based on facial similarity, while the D-Score evaluates likelihood of an individual having dysmorphic features suggestive of a p...

Taking Stock: Assessing Animal Welfare in South African Captive Lion Tourism Venues

South Africa maintains thousands of captive lions and other felids in commercial captive wildlife facilities. Despite ongoing debate regarding the welfare implications of this industry, empirical assessments of welfare conditions remain limited. This study conducted a baseline as...

“It just isn’t happening”: emotional obstacles in Russo-Georgian queer interactions in post-February 2022 Georgia

Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, over 100,000 Russian citizens have migrated to Georgia. Among them were a large number of LGBTQ+ people concerned about a rise in legislative homophobia and transphobia. With shared experiences of anti-queer sentimen...

Delivery of multiple PspA fragments by CyaA toxoid induces broad protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). Conjugate vaccines are effective against IPD and nasal colonization but offer coverage limited to serotypes included in the formulations. Pne...

Debating the Delphi View of Dyslexia: A Response to Metsala, Morsanyi and Colleagues

ABSTRACT Several commentators have discussed the consensus view of dyslexia that emerged from a Delphi survey reported by Carroll, Holden and colleagues. Here the authors respond to the commentaries, agreeing that different definitions of dyslexia may be required for different pu...

Pricing with Algorithms

This paper studies Markov perfect equilibria in a repeated duopoly model where sellers choose algorithms. An algorithm is a mapping from the competitor's price to own price. Once set, the algorithms respond quickly. Customers arrive randomly and sellers can periodically revise th...

The effect of the respiratory rate on mechanical power and patient outcomes – a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical power (MP) is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Respiratory rate (RR) is a key component of MP. The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether, among mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients, a low versus high RR is associated with diffe...

Virus-like particle display of consensus α-neurotoxins does not enhance neutralising antibody responses against elapid venoms

Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease, with neurotoxic elapid venoms in particular posing a major therapeutic challenge due to the rapid action and inter-species diversity of α-neurotoxins. Consensus toxin approaches have emerged as a promising strategy for generat...

Null fluid/gravity correspondence

A bstract We construct a new class of perturbative asymptotically Anti-de Sitter pp-wave spacetimes by performing a long-wavelength expansion of Kaigorodov metrics in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. Holographically, these spacetimes are described by a null fluid hydrodynamic expa...

A reduced order model framework suitable for geotechnical problems

Abstract Data-driven methods are of increasing popularity for solving problems in geotechnics, offering as they do, the possibility of high-fidelity results without the effort of a detailed deterministic numerical analysis (e.g. using finite elements). A wide range of approaches...

Spin-disc misalignment drives periodic accretion and pulse profile asymmetry in X-ray pulsars

Abstract We investigate magnetospheric accretion in disc-fed X-ray pulsars assuming that the neutron star spin axis is not perpendicular to the disc plane. We focus on X-ray pulsars, where a geometrically thin disc is truncated far from the stellar surface the channelled part of...

Polygenic score for sleep duration in relation to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: results from the UK biobank

Abstract INTRODUCTION Studies have suggested sleep duration may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk, but findings based on self-reported sleep duration are likely to be influenced by reverse causation and residual confounding bias. METHODS A polygenic score (PGS) for devi...

Plasma proteomes of obesity and allometric body shapes in the EPIC cohort

Abstract General obesity (high body mass index, BMI) affects circulating proteins. Obesity-related outcomes, however, differ by body shape but waist and hip circumferences cannot distinguish abdominal from general obesity. We therefore used the allometric body shape index (ABSI),...

No evidence of fine-scale local adaptation of winter moths to variable tree phenology

Spatial variation in plant phenology can impose strong selective pressures on herbivorous insects whose fitness relies on synchrony with host plants, promoting local adaptation to host timing. Winter moths (Operophtera brumata) have been shown to synchronize egg hatching with hos...

Integrating human linguistic insights into AI: theory-driven representation for multilingual text-to-speech

This paper explores the integration of human linguistic insights into multilingual text-to-speech (TTS) systems by evaluating the Featurally Underspecified Lexicon (FUL) as a theory-driven input representation. Unlike data-intensive end-to end models, FUL offers a compact, interp...