University of Oxford

Day length may impose an ecological constraint on chick provisioning behaviour in a high-latitude seabird

Abstract Variation in daylight hours may shape light-dependent behaviours both across seasons and among latitudinally distinct breeding colonies. We investigated the influence of photoperiod variation on chick provisioning behaviour in a high-latitude seabird, the Manx shearwater...

Concordance of genetic determinants of acute coronary artery disease between European and Chinese populations

AIMS: This study examined the concordance of associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for acute coronary artery disease (CAD) discovered in Europeans with acute CAD, chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke in Chinese adults. METHODS: In a nested case-control...

One in seven has severe pain: a point-prevalence study of hospitalised patients across Africa

ABSTRACT: Acute pain in hospitalised patients is common, yet African data are scarce. We conducted a prospective point-prevalence study of hospitalised adult patients across Africa to determine acute pain prevalence and severity and investigate associations of pain with critical...

‘Talk CKD Options’: improving how clinicians communicate treatment options in advanced kidney disease using a conversation analysis-based training intervention

Abstract Background Most older people with kidney failure and multiple co-morbidities must decide between dialysis or conservative kidney management. Dialysis is often presented as the default, despite providing uncertain survival benefits in this population. The Optimising Staff...

Hypoxia increases the activity of oncolytic adenoviruses through HIF-2α-stimulated E1A expression

Hypoxia, a hallmark of solid tumors, poses a significant challenge in cancer therapy due to its association with poor prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments. Oncolytic viruses represent a promising treatment strategy, as they selectively replicate within cancer cells...

The ‘King of Crops’: Rediscovering Ancient Diversity in Barley Through Chaff Morphology

Barley was central to the emergence of agriculture in western Asia and is today one of the world’s most widespread cereal crops. Rather than a single taxon, barley encompasses four major varieties (hulled two-row, hulled six-row, naked two-row, naked six-row) alongside its wild p...

Top, Bottom, or Versatile? Sexual Role Trends Across Generations and Regions on a Gay Dating App

Understanding how men who have sex with men (MSM) identify with sexual role labels such as Top, Bottom, or Versatile offers descriptive insights into how sexuality, identity, and self-presentation intersect on dating platforms. Drawing on cross-sectional data from 141,156 active...

Adapting in-cell ELISA to investigate the localization of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins

The development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines remains challenging due to extensive viral genetic diversity and the complex biology of the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, which are major targets of broadly neutralizing antibodies and are associated with spontaneous viral c...

Thermal‐Induced Loose Solute Configuration Activates Organic Electrolyte for Zinc Metal Battery

ABSTRACT Zinc metal batteries face issues of low coulombic efficiency and persistent side reactions due to the active H 2 O in aqueous electrolytes. Organic electrolytes that can reduce side reactions and coulombic efficiency loss still suffer from sluggish Zn 2+ transfer and dif...

Temporal- and Spatial-Resolved Characterization of Zeolite-Based Catalysts

Abstract Zeolites and metal-zeolite catalysts are the cornerstones of heterogeneous catalysis, where performance is governed by the structural dynamics and spatial distribution of active sites. However, conventional characterization often lacks the spatiotemporal resolution neede...

Data-driven mapping of known and novel fluid biomarker progression profiles in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Abstract Introduction Recent proteomic studies have identified both established and novel proteins in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, it remains unclear at what point in the disease these proteins deviate from normal levels and how their trajectories re...

Simulation-based inference for AGN jet population modelling: Towards more robust comparisons of black hole jet speeds

Abstract We present the most complete modelling of the MOJAVE 1.5 Jansky Quarter Century active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet population, using likelihood-free simulation-based inference. Due to the complex impact of a flux-limit on observed AGN data sets, careful modelling of the pa...

The regional determinants of per-capita CO$$_2$$ emissions growth in Europe

Abstract We identify empirically the determinants of per-capita CO $$_2$$ emissions growth in 227 European NUTS-2 regions for the period 1995–2022. In order to account for geographical spillovers of unknown form, we employ Bayesian averaging of spatial autoregressive models, addr...

Implementing prospective probabilistic scheduling of surgical cases to yield more predictable utilisations

We studied the impact of a prospective, probabilistic scheduling method to replace surgeon-led booking, balancing contradictory goals of maximizing theatre utilised time while minimizing risk of over-utilised time. Implemented in an NHS Scotland hospital, the study analyzed 2420...

Bulldozing an immersed granular material in a confined channel

The motion of an immersed granular material in a channel is characterised by complex interactions among the grains, between the grains and the permeating liquid, and between the grains and the channel walls. Here, we develop a reduced-order continuum model for the bulldozing of a...

Experimental causal inference from measurements alone in the presence of spatial and temporal quantum correlations

The causal structure of a set of events specifies which events influence which others. Determining this structure, known as causal inference, is a fundamental task in science. Reset-style intervention is commonly used to determine causal structure in classical scenarios. However,...

Evaluating the costs of developing a digital supervision tool for task-shared depression care: findings from a multi-site study in India

BACKGROUND: Task-sharing with non-specialist providers offers a promising solution to the mental health workforce shortage in low-resource settings. Supervision is essential to ensure treatment quality, but is often constrained by limited specialist availability. AIMS: This study...

Redistributed, Not Reduced: The Role of International Trade in Global Food Supply Sustainability

Global food systems must balance productivity with environmental sustainability amid climate change, geopolitical shocks, and unevenly distributed natural resources. This study introduces the Food Supply Sustainability Index (FSSI), a transparent, composite measure of the sustain...

Converging pathomechanisms link SARS-CoV-2 infection with major neurodegenerative diseases

Neurological complications are among typical clinical manifestations, both during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long-term post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, i.e., Long COVID. A growing body of evidence connects SARS-CoV-2 infection to systemic inflammation, peripheral im...

Relics, writing, and devotion in early medieval Chelles

The discovery in 1983 of a collection of relics with their medieval identificatory tags in the parish church of Chelles opened new avenues for research on devotional and writing practices in this Frankish royal foundation. This is the first systematic study of the corpus of relic...