University of Oxford

Robust and replicable effects of ageing on resting-state brain electrophysiology measured with MEG

Abstract Non-invasive recordings using brain electrophysiology provide credible insights into decline in neuronal functioning with age. New approaches are required to translate these results into compelling clinical metrics and meet the global challenge of preserving brain health...

Integrating Ion Mobility-Resolved Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Microcrystal Electron Diffraction for Structural Elucidation

Abstract Determining the three-dimensional structures of small molecules in complex mixtures remains challenging as current approaches typically require physical isolation and quantities of material that are excessive for many components. Here we present a reciprocal structure-de...

Coordinated transformations of the labyrinth and occiput during the dinosaur–bird transition

Evolutionary shape changes of the vertebrate semicircular canals (SCCs) are often ascribed to evolutionary transitions in locomotion, including the origin of flight during the dinosaur–bird transition. However, the potential for transformations of braincase architecture to influe...

AI-generated language remains systematically distinguishable from human communication

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the social sciences to simulate human behavior and communication, yet validation methods for these applications remain limited. Existing evaluations often rely on human judgments of plausibility, a coarse, difficult-to-scale,...

Diet-wide association study (DWAS) of hip fracture risk in UK postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study of 541,887 women with 27,318 incident cases over ~ 20 years

Abstract Previous research on diet and hip fracture risk focused on selected foods and nutrients. We aim to conduct a systematic diet-wide association study of 99 dietary factors. The study population comprised 541,887 postmenopausal women in the Million Women Study. Dietary info...

A Likelihood-Based Framework for Simultaneously Learning Both Noise and Growth Dynamics Using Biologically-Informed Neural Networks

In recent years, neural ordinary differential equation frameworks such as Biologically-Informed Neural Networks (BINNs) have shown promise for learning mechanistic laws from sparse data. However, most existing approaches implicitly assume homoscedastic Gaussian noise, and therefo...

The implementation gap: addressing race as compartmentalised practice in PGCE English courses

In this article, Fernandes examines how Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) English courses in England address race. His nationwide survey of 44 course leaders revealed a central contradiction: a near-universal aspirational commitment is systematically undermined by comp...

Metal-Dependent Electron Transfer in Acidic UV/Peroxymonosulfate: Inner-Sphere Proton-Coupled Two-Electron Transfer Drives Ni(III)-Oxyl Formation Distinct from Cu Pathways

Abstract Nickel–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ni-EDTA) persists in electroplating wastewater due to strong metal–ligand coordination and is widely assumed to degrade via radical pathways during advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Here, we show that its decomplexation in an ac...

Porous coordination polymer-derived CeO2-SnO2@S-C heterojunction nanocomposite for supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) and derived nanocomposites have attained substantial attention for electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies owing to their tunable frameworks and favorable electrochemical characteristics. Here, we present a route for preparin...

Digital Anti-Forensics Research: The Next 10 Years

Anti-forensics refers to techniques designed to obstruct forensic analysis. While such methods are increasingly used by cybercriminals, they also provide valuable insights for researchers by revealing weaknesses in forensic tools and thereby contributing to their robustness. Desp...

Not extinct but thriving—The rediscovery of the horseshoe bat fly Phthiridium biarticulatum (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in the United Kingdom

Bat flies are haematophagous ectoparasites of bats, which have been infrequently studied in the United Kingdom. Phthiridium biarticulatum Hermann (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) is one of three species of bat fly that have been recorded in the United Kingdom. It was last recorded in 195...

Why don't all birds lay early? Causes and consequences of breeding timing for a long‐lived migratory seabird

The relationship between earlier laying and higher breeding success is well-established in avian species. However, a wide distribution of breeding timings is often maintained within a population, and the causes and consequences of this variation require further exploration, parti...

Exercise for depression: strong option with clinical benefits

SUMMARY Exercise, investigated as a treatment option for depression, is promising in that it has previously shown antidepressant effects and is accessible, low-cost and additionally provides physical health benefits. This commentary assesses the effects of exercise interventions...

Early onset of the hot circumgalactic medium around Milky Way galaxies

Abstract Hot coronae are key regulators in Milky Way (MW)-type galaxy formation and are thought to emerge once a galaxy’s dark matter halo crosses a critical mass threshold, Mvir ~ 1012 M⊙, so that accretion shocks can heat infalling gas to virial temperatures, Tvir. Here we inve...

Covenant Relationships for Radicals: Baptists, Community Organizing and Social Justice

Richard Weaver's book is a very welcome and impressive addition to Baptist studies. The book is his PhD thesis recently completed at Amsterdam. Weaver seeks to bring community organising into conve...

Efficacy and safety of intraoperative red blood cell salvage transfusion for spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Spinal deformity surgery is associated with substantial blood loss and high transfusion requirements, exposing patients to the risks of allogeneic blood transfusion. Intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) is widely used in patient blood management strategies, yet its clinical efficacy...

Remarks on non-invertible symmetries on a tensor product Hilbert space in 1+1 dimensions

We propose an index of non-invertible symmetry operators in 1+1 dimensions and discuss its relation to the realizability of non-invertible symmetries on the tensor product of finite dimensional on-site Hilbert spaces on the lattice. Our index generalizes the Gross-Nesme-Vogts-Wer...

Design for Safety and Resilience: Looking Underneath the Safety-I and II Labels

Ten years ago, Safety-II was introduced as a new approach to safety and contrasted with the existing approach (Safety-I), which emphasized learning from work as done in practice and the adaptive capacity of professionals who manage to deliver safe care in challenging circumstance...

The chemical-bonding origins of over-coordinated defects in chalcogenide glasses

Point defects in (sulfide, selenide) chalcogenide glasses have traditionally been described by the venerable ‘valence-alternation-pair’ (VAP) model of coordination defects, due to Mott, Davis and Street, and Kastner, Adler and Fritzsche. For the case of pure chalcogens (e.g. Se),...

Multiple motor proteins regulate TDP-43 anterograde axonal transport

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA-binding protein essential for RNA metabolism. Under physiological conditions, it predominantly resides in the nucleus but is also expressed in the cytoplasm, where it regulates mRNA trafficking and local translation. In nearly 97% of...