University of Copenhagen

Collagen remodeling is elevated in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and may distinguish it from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) are two common causes of pulmonary fibrosis. Unlike IPF, fHP is caused by a persistent immune response to an antigen. Misclassification of fHP and IPF can lead to significant delays in antifibroti...

Arrest of human spermatogenesis at the pachytene stage is frequently accompanied by disruption of the piRNA pathway

Abstract Recent genetic studies have identified defects in the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway to cause nonobstructive azoospermia. However, limited knowledge of piRNA function in human spermatogenesis makes it difficult to quantify the number of cases affected. Central to t...

Factors Associated with Persistently Increased IL-6 Levels in People with HIV

BACKGROUND: Individuals with HIV remain at higher risk of non-communicable diseases associated with interleukin-6-specific (IL-6) inflammation compared to the background population. Despite antiretroviral therapy, some individuals exhibit persistent hyperinflammation. We characte...

Intravenous Oxytocin Does Not Affect Glucose‐Regulating Hormones or Markers of Bone Turnover During Graded Glucose Infusion in Healthy Men

AIM: Oxytocin has been proposed to exert glucose-stabilising effects via modulation of pancreatic hormone secretion and to play a role in bone homeostasis. However, human data under controlled conditions are limited. We investigated the effects of intravenously infused oxytocin d...

Late-life semaglutide treatment slows ageing and extends lifespan in female mice

Abstract Pharmacological glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation reduces food intake and is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes and obesity 1 . The use of GLP-1 medicines has revealed pleiotropic beneficial effects beyond glucose and weight control 2–5 , but lit...

Sex- and fiber type-specific remodeling of the muscle proteome implicates CSRP3 in resistance training-induced hypertrophy

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a hallmark of resistance training that improves health and longevity. However, despite physiological differences between sexes and fiber types, the underlying proteome changes with resistance training have not been studied in a sex- and fiber type-s...

HLA class I expression and tumor immune infiltration together shape colon cancer immune contexture

Background The relative contribution of HLA class I molecules—including classical HLA class Ia (HLA-A, -B, -C) and non-classical HLA class Ib (HLA-E, -F, -G)—to shaping the tumor immune microenvironment in colon cancer remains insufficiently defined. We investigated how their exp...

Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Plasma Concentrations in Pregnancy; Effects of Physical Activity Interventions and Associations with Neonatal Outcomes—The FitMum Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Sulfur-containing amino acids (SCAAs) are essential for fetal growth and development, but their metabolism during pregnancy remains poorly understood, with conflicting reports regarding the effect of exercise training. This study investigates the effects of physical a...

Acute and Prolonged Effects of Sweeteners and Sweetness Enhancers on Postprandial Substrate Oxidation, Energy Expenditure, Glucose, and Insulin in Humans—A SWEET Sub-Study

Background/Objectives: Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) have been proposed to impair energy metabolism acutely and over time. Methods: This sub-study investigated the acute effects of a mixture of acesulfame potassium and cyclamate (Ace-K/Cyc) versus water on postprandi...

Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Biofractions from Yellow Mealworm Larvae Fed a Probiotic-Enriched Diet

The increasing demand for sustainable protein sources has stimulated interest in edible insects such as Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) larvae. While probiotics supplementation has been explored to improve insect growth performance, its impact on protein quality and downstream...

Use of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Among Danish Children and Adolescents From 2010 to 2023

Introduction: Pharmacological treatment is an important component in the multimodal management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but contemporary trends in ADHD medication use among boys and girls in Denmark have not been fully characterized. This study aimed to...

Single-cell profiling identifies obesity-disrupted brain glucose sensing

Abstract Neuronal nutrient sensing in the hypothalamus and brainstem is thought to regulate energy and glucose homeostasis, yet how these brain regions respond to elevated adiposity or blood glucose remains unclear. We performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing on 75,787 cells from...

INPP5E interactome reveals novel connections to growth factor signaling

Abstract Primary cilia are sensory cell membrane protrusions whose malfunction causes diseases known as ciliopathies. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a rare recessive ciliopathy causing brain malformations and kidney cysts, among other manifestations. A key player in JBTS is INPP5E, a...

Postpartum Psychotropic Treatment Patterns and Breastfeeding: Nationwide Clustering Study

ABSTRACT Introduction Postpartum psychotropic medication use is heterogeneous, comprising continuation of prenatal treatment, initiation, transient use and complex polypharmacy. Prior studies have reported the prevalence of potential infant exposure to psychotropics via breast mi...

Lipoprotein(a) and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults Aged 20 to 100 Years

BACKGROUND: High lipoprotein(a) is considered a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD); however, whether the association between lipoprotein(a) and ASCVD is different among older individuals (defined as 70–100 years of age) compared with younger in...

Bivalent RSV Prefusion F Vaccine to Prevent Hospitalizations in Adults

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in adults, with the highest burden among older adults and individuals with chronic health conditions. The bivalent RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine has been shown to prevent RSV-ass...

The efficient star-forming regions of stripped-envelope supernovae

Abstract Massive stars ($\ge 8\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$) play a key role in shaping the interstellar medium of galaxies through stellar feedback. However, how these stars form and evolve before exploding as core-collapse supernovae (SNe) remains elusive. We compute for the first time...

Immune control of HIV viraemia in early paediatric infection is associated with induction of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell activity following multiple treatment interruptions

BACKGROUND: Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells play an important part in HIV cure/remission in adults, yet their role in paediatric immune control is limited by tolerogenic early-life immunity. Very-early ART initiation, while effective in restricting viral reservoir size, also prevents...

Durability of RSV Prefusion F Vaccine Protection across Two RSV Seasons

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of hospitalization and death among older adults. Although first-season vaccine effectiveness against RSV-related hospitalization has been demonstrated for the bivalent RSV prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpr...

Clinical relevance of pharmacogenomic information for improving prescribing practices in acutely admitted older medical patients

AIMS: Safe prescribing and effective medication review during acute hospitalization depends on accurate information about liver and kidney function because these organs are responsible for the elimination of most medications. While estimates for kidney function are widely used, c...