University of California, San Francisco

Threomer Inhibition of S1−ACE2 Binding

Abstract The interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1) and human ACE2 receptor is essential for viral entry into host epithelial cells and a key target for drug discovery. Here, we describe the evolution of a threomer, a base-modif...

Community-Led Operationalization of a Champion Implementation Strategy for Anal Cancer Prevention in Nigeria

Abstract Context-specific adaptation of implementation strategies is an important component of promoting evidence-based intervention use. But guidance on systematic approaches is limited. Here we described our mixed method approach to adapting (Study 1) and monitoring (Study 2) a...

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Moderately Hypofractionated IMRT for Localized Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer

Importance The treatment of prostate cancer with radiotherapy is evolving. How quickly radiotherapy can be delivered, and the relative risks and benefits of such a treatment, is of significant public interest. Objective To determine whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) w...

Fatal Neuroinvasive Astrovirus VA1 Encephalitis in a Child With High‐Risk B‐ALL Receiving Blinatumomab

O.L. is a named inventor on patents held by Boston Children's Hospital related to vaccine adjuvants and antigens as well as human in vitro systems that model the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. O.L.’s laboratory receives sponsored research support fr...

Contingency Management for Smoking Cessation Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness

Importance: More than 70% of people experiencing homelessness report current smoking. Contingency management (CM) interventions that provide financial incentives for smoking cessation have shown short-term promise, but extended CM interventions have not been well studied in this...

Oral Nicotine Pouch Use and Associations with Periodontal Status and Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis

OBJECTIVES: Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are increasing in use, yet data on potential oral health effects are scarce. We evaluated whether ONP use is associated with clinical periodontal measures and salivary microbiome dysbiosis in a field-based regional sample. We recruited fir...

Moving Upstream: Perinatal Cash Transfers as a Tool to Address Inequities in Birth Outcomes

The United States has an exceptionally high preterm birth rate, which features inequities that impact many Black, Indigenous, and Pacific Islander families. Unconditional perinatal cash transfers, which offer cash assistance to pregnant and postpartum women with no strings attach...

Micronutrient deficiencies in ambulatory adults with cirrhosis

Background: Despite the well-established relationship between micronutrient deficiencies and cirrhosis, little is known of micronutrient deficiencies among ambulatory patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant (LT). We aimed to characterize micronutrient deficiencies among...

Serum Leptin and Thyroid Levels in Hospitalized Patients With Severe Eating Disorders

ABSTRACT Objective Leptin and thyroid hormones are interrelated regulators of energy homeostasis that are altered during starvation, yet their within‐subject trajectories during early nutritional rehabilitation in severe restrictive eating disorders (EDs) remain poorly understood...

Bias in Cohort Studies: The Critical Importance of the “Why” and “When” of Treatment Decisions

When it comes to high-quality, rigorous research, children generally get the short end of the stick. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)—the “gold standard” for clinical research1—are rare in this population.2 RCTs are expensive, time-consuming, and often fraught with ethical con...

Targeting Oncogenic KRAS Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Oligomers Attached to Cell-Penetrating Peptides

Approximately 30% of tumors contain an activating mutation in the oncogene KRAS, leading to increased cell proliferation that often promotes non-small cell lung cancers, colorectal adenocarcinomas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and other cancers. Among the most common...

Community-Based Surgery and Postoperative Survival Among Veterans Affairs Enrollees

Importance: The Veterans Affairs Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (VA MISSION) Act of 2018 greatly expanded Veterans Affairs (VA) enrollees' access to non-VA (community care) services. Since then, community-based utilization has increased...

Electrostatically Limited PFSA Ionomer Adsorption to Catalyst Particles in Catalyst Inks

Abstract Understanding and controlling ionomer adsorption in catalyst inks is critical to optimizing catalyst-layer structure and performance in membrane-electrode assemblies. Here, we systematically quantify perfluorosulfonic-acid (PFSA) ionomer adsorption across a diverse set o...

Right hippocampal volume and attenuated psychotic symptoms distinguish subgroups of youth with common patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity

Abstract Associations between patterns of brain connectivity and brain structural features have transdiagnostic relevance to psychopathology. There is considerable evidence for disruptions to the hippocampus and temporoparietal brain systems in psychotic disorders. The present st...

Examining the Sustained Impact of California’s Tobacco Free for Recovery Initiative: Qualitative Perspectives from Program Directors

Background: Smoking prevalence among people in substance use treatment is substantially higher than the national average. Residential substance use treatment represents an opportune time to address this disparity. California launched the Tobacco Free for Recovery Initiative to he...

Catalyst Control of Alkylbenzene Molecular Architecture in Tandem Catalytic Hydrogenolysis-Aromatization of Polyethylene

Abstract Upcycling of polyethylene (PE) can transform waste material into chemically valuable building blocks such as linear alkylbenzenes, with potential use in anionic surfactants. Alkylbenzenes can be formed by tandem hydrogenolysis-aromatization of PE, catalyzed by Pt nanopar...

Evaluating large language model performance in US FDA regulatory science

Abstract Background Clinical and population decision-making relies on the systematic evaluation of extensive regulatory evidence. The FDA drug reviews provide detailed information on clinical trial design, enrollment criteria, sample size, randomization, comparators, endpoints, a...

Evaluation of the Relative Citation Ratio Versus the H-Index as Measures of Citation-Based Scholarly Influence in Academic Neurosurgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evaluating citation-based scholarly influence among academic faculty is foundational to academic medicine, as retention, promotion, and tenure to govern career advancement at every level. The h-index has been the standard metric across fields, including...

Impact of alcohol use discontinuation on adipose tissue insulin resistance among Latino patients with and without underlying chronic liver disease

Abstract We evaluated the effect of short-term moderate alcohol discontinuation on adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipo-IR) and factors associated with its change in Latinos with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV). Nondiabetic Latino adults without (N = 17) or with (N = 7) H...

Arterial Spin‐Labeling MRI at the Cortical‐ CSF Interface: A Novel Biomarker in Alzheimer Disease

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI can measure perfusion signal adjacent to CSF spaces and may provide information regarding CSF-adjacent water transport physiology. We developed an automated pipeline to extract cortical-CSF interface (IF) perfusion for compar...