University of California, Irvine

FedPoP: federated learning meets proof of participation

Federated learning (FL) offers privacy preserving, distributed machine learning, allowing clients to contribute to a global model without revealing their local data. As models increasingly serve as monetizable digital assets, the ability to prove participation in their training b...

iPSC neurodegenerative disease initiative isogenic CAG repeat iPSC line for Huntington's disease

Purpose of Research: in the KOLF2.1J background as an additional disease series within the iPSC Neurodegenerative Disease Initiative (iNDI) collection. Major Findings: KO, were capable of differentiating to striatal and cortical neurons, astrocytes and microglia using established...

Physical origins of speed control in swimming fishes

The linear relationship between tail-beat frequency and swimming speed in fish, first described by Bainbridge in 1958, has since been confirmed in species as disparate as eels and tuna. Dimensional scaling has explained why linearity should emerge at high Reynolds numbers, but th...

Infant hippocampal and amygdala volume in an observational follow-up from a randomized clinical trial for maternal prenatal depression

Abstract Prenatal maternal depression may have intergenerational effects on offspring brain development, with potential socioemotional consequences. This observational follow-up study examines brain development and subsequent negative emotionality among 109 infants born to mother...

Managing Vector Data for Retrieval Augmented Generation@Dagstuhl Seminar Summary

This report summarizes discussions that took place in the context of a Dagstuhl seminar1 to explore the emerging paradigm of AI-native databases designed to support agentic workflows and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with robust...

Relating γ D-crystallin conformations to local aggregate topology

The structural crystallins of the eye lens must persist at high concentrations (up to 600 mg/ml in some species), while remaining solvated within a hydrogel that must endure for the life of the organism. Transient networks of interactions among these proteins may create contacts...

Improved Skills for Predicting Sub‐Seasonal to Seasonal Global Sea Surface Temperature

ABSTRACT Accurate prediction of global sea surface temperature at sub‐seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales is critical for drought and flood forecasting, as well as for improving disaster preparedness in human society. Operational physics‐based numerical models are run to predic...

Promoting arm movement practice with a novel wheelchair armrest early after stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Chronic upper extremity (UE) impairment is common after stroke. This study aimed to evaluate both the feasibility and preliminary clinical effects of Boost, a novel wheelchair-mounted rehabilitation device designed to assist individuals in UE motor recovery du...

Tracking recent extremes and interannual variability of global fire emissions using a near-real-time extension to the Global Fire Emissions Database

Abstract. The Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) is widely used to quantify spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends in burned area and fire emissions, supporting assessments of fire impacts on ecosystems and atmospheric composition. GFED has historically relied on obse...

Mathematical simulations of paediatric haemodynamics in isolated ventricular septal defect

Computer modelling of the cardiovascular system has the potential to revolutionize personalized medical care. This is especially promising for congenital heart defects, such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), a hole between the two ventricles of the heart. However, relatively fe...

Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 217 Percentage by Race and Ethnicity in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease

Importance In trials targeting preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD), defined as amyloid pathology without cognitive symptoms, racial and ethnic differences in plasma phosphorylated tau 217 percentage (%p-tau217) may influence screening eligibility. Objective To characterize racial...

Exploring transcriptomic and genomic latent variable correction approaches in differential expression analysis

Abstract Background Differential expression analysis is a central tool for studying the biological processes altered in human diseases via transcriptomic signatures. However, transcriptomic datasets are systematically confounded by latent variables from two distinct sources: unme...

Salivary Digital PCR With Epigenetic Cell Counting Correction as a Feasible Non-Invasive Platform for Longitudinal JAK2V617F Monitoring in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Abstract Intensive longitudinal monitoring of somatic mutation variant allele frequency (VAF) is needed to characterize clonal dynamics during therapy in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Salivary digital PCR, corrected for buccal epithelial DNA contamination by epigenetic cell...

From protogalaxy through thick and thin: Why did the Milky Way evolve in three kinematic phases?

Abstract APOGEE and Gaia data suggest the Milky Way’s kinematic structure evolved through three distinct phases: a disordered protogalaxy, which ‘spun up’ into a thick stellar disk, and then ‘cooled down’ to a final cold, thin stellar disk. We use a suite of FIRE-2 cosmological z...

So similar, yet so different: comparing the US GAAP and IFRS experience at eliciting greater transparency on pension asset disclosures

Abstract We exploit two regulatory changes, one under US GAAP and the other under IFRS, that mandate improved disclosure of pension asset allocation. While the changes are otherwise similar, US GAAP retains the expected rate of return (“ERR”) on pension assets, which preparers ca...

Don’t touch my hair: colonial legacies, racialized marketing, and toxic lock-in in Black women’s health

Purpose This paper explains how racialized beauty markets have historically produced toxic harm for Black women within the context of the United States through the recursive interaction of marketing institutions and consumer practices across five historical eras, from colonial an...

Costly missed connections: Visitation and misconduct in California prisons

Social isolation is a major public health crisis with particularly deleterious consequences for vulnerable populations including incarcerated people. Theoretically, visitation from family should reduce social isolation and improve outcomes among incarcerated people, but existing...

Histological and Biomechanical Considerations of Donor Costal Cartilage Allografts for Total Ear Reconstruction

ObjectiveDonor costal cartilage (DCC) allografts for microtia reconstruction have shown promising clinical results, but characterization of the allografts' intrinsic properties has yet to be performed.DesignHistologically, DCC allografts were compared to autologous costal cartila...

Beyond Hill-Type Models: Aligning Experiments and Modeling to Understand Dynamic Muscle Function

Muscle models underpin how exercise, rehabilitation, and human-movement sciences infer muscle force during activity, yet profound gaps remain between traditional measures and models of muscle function and the dynamic features of muscle in natural movement. We review evidence for...

Self-starter or sidekick? Independent and spillover effects of Opportunity Zones on housing supply in cities

The Opportunity Zone (OZ) program, created under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, offers capital gains tax incentives to encourage investment in low-income communities. While proponents argue the program catalyzes new development, critics contend it may subsidize projects that wou...