University of California, Berkeley

Regulators of interferon-responsive microglia uncovered by Genome-wide CRISPRi screening

Abstract Microglia dynamically support brain homeostasis through the induction of specialized activation programs or states. One such program is the Interferon-Responsive Microglia state (IRM), which has been identified in developmental windows, aging, and disease. While the func...

The Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Undertesting on Estimates of Disease Burden and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Large Integrated Healthcare System

Abstract Infrequent standard-of-care (SOC) testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults with acute respiratory illness (ARI) contributes to underestimated disease burden. We compared RSV prevalence and RSV vaccine effectiveness (VE) among 14,044 adults ≥60 years with A...

Repurposing anti-phage defenses to differentially arrest the viral lifecycle reveals the regulatory logic of a parasitic satellite

ABSTRACT Mobile genetic elements frequently encode defense mechanisms to protect their bacterial hosts from viral attack. In Vibrio cholerae , these defensive elements include phage-inducible chromosomal island-like elements (PLEs), which are phage satellites that act as highly s...

A decagon wave around Saturn’s south pole

Saturn has a unique long-lived, nearly stationary hexagon wave close to its north pole that is coupled to an intense eastward jet. Despite decades of observation, no similar wave has been reported so far in the southern hemisphere or elsewhere on Saturn. Ground-based and Hubble S...

Robustness of Floquet Topological Time Crystals against Two-Level System Defects in Circuit QED

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) represent a nonequilibrium phase of matter characterized by spontaneousbreaking of discrete time-translational symmetry under periodic driving. While Floquet topological phases offer apromising route to stabilizing DTC behavior, their persistence in...

Late-life semaglutide treatment slows ageing and extends lifespan in female mice

Abstract Pharmacological glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation reduces food intake and is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes and obesity 1 . The use of GLP-1 medicines has revealed pleiotropic beneficial effects beyond glucose and weight control 2–5 , but lit...

AI4AI Survey: From Long-Horizon Agents to Recursive Self-Improvement — Definitions, Reliable Horizons, and Open Problems

Can AI improve AI? AI agents can now run experiments, modify code and training pipelines, and iteratively improve AI artifacts. Yet the literature remains fragmented across long-horizon agents, AI for AI (AI4AI), self-improvement, and recursive self-improvement, making it difficu...

Delegated Portfolio Management With Random Default

ABSTRACT We consider the problem of optimal portfolio delegation between an investor and a portfolio manager under a random default time. We focus on a novel variation of the Principal‐Agent problem adapted to this framework. We address the challenge of an uncertain investment ho...

Chimpanzees steal less from their friends and expect them to do the same

Are chimpanzees able to inhibit anti-social behavior towards their friends? And how do they react when a friend acts anti-socially towards them? Past work has demonstrated that chimpanzees are selectively prosocial towards their friends: they groom them more, help them more, and...

Parking of connected automated vehicles: vehicle control, parking assignment, and multi-agent simulation

This paper introduces a comprehensive approach to optimize parking efficiency for connected and Automated vehicle (CAVs) fleets. We present a multi-vehicle parking simulator, equipped with hierarchical path planning and collision avoidance capabilities for individual CAVs. The si...

The Peacemaker Fellowship and Urban Gun Violence in Richmond, California

Importance Firearm violence is a leading cause of premature death and disability in the US. Increasingly, public health approaches to prevent gun violence are being implemented to reduce its social and medical costs. A previous evaluation of the Peacemaker Fellowship found it was...

Semi-supervised Retrieval of Functional Residues Through the Integration of Protein Language Models and Gene Ontology Data

Abstract Motivation Experimental studies of protein function often focus on mechanistic descriptions, characterizing how specific sites and residues contribute to activity. Abstractions such as domains and active sites enable quantitative descriptions of how protein features act...

How to train your resistive network: Generalized equilibrium propagation and analytical learning

Machine learning is a powerful method of extracting meaning from data; unfortunately, current digital hardware is extremely energy-intensive. There is interest in an alternative analog computing implementation that could match the performance of traditional machine learning while...

Ionic gel-mediated synthesis of nanostructured chiral 2D halide perovskites with amplified chiroptical response

Abstract Chiroptical properties in metal halide perovskites typically arise from asymmetric crystal structures induced by chiral organic molecules during synthesis or chiral additives. However, the synthesis of two-dimensional chiral halide perovskites with sufficiently high diss...

Haplotype-phased assemblies of the two poplar rust fungi species: Melampsora larici-populina and Melampsora allii-populina

Dikaryotic rust fungi maintain two distinct haploid nuclei for most of their life cycle, making their large, repeat-rich genomes difficult to assemble and phase. Here we present haplotype-phased, near chromosome-scale genome assemblies for the poplar rust pathogens Melampsora lar...

Manipulation-Robust Prediction

An increasing number of decisions are guided by machine learning algorithms. But when consequential decisions are encoded in algorithms, individuals may strategically alter their behavior to achieve desired outcomes. This paper develops an empirical approach that adjusts decision...

Sikh immigration, theology, and pan-ethnic solidarity: A comparative analysis of Sikh theology practiced in three different nation-states

This paper examines how Sikh theological principles, specifically Miri-Piri (the unity of spiritual and temporal authority) and Sarbat da Bhala (welfare of all humanity), function as operational frameworks for political action and pan-ethnic solidarity across the global Sikh dias...

A Collectivist, Economic Vision for AI

Information technology is in the midst of a revolution in which omnipresent data collection and machine learning are impacting the human world as never before. The word “intelligence” is being used as a North Star for the development of this technology, with human cognition viewe...

When mulch burns: fire risks at the wildland–urban interface

Background Mulch is widely used for landscaping in wildland–urban interface (WUI) communities but can act as a fuelbed that facilitates fire spread from vegetation to structures. Aims Although prior laboratory studies have investigated mulch ignition thresholds, few have examined...

Forest Kernel Balancing Weights: Outcome‐Guided Features for Causal Inference

While balancing covariates between groups is central for observational causal inference, selecting which features to balance remains a challenging problem. Kernel balancing is a promising approach that first estimates a kernel that captures similarity across units and then balanc...