University of California, Berkeley

The extreme diversity of retinal amacrine cells has deep evolutionary roots

Amacrine cells (ACs) comprise a heterogeneous class of inhibitory neurons in the vertebrate retina, exhibiting morphological and functional complexity rivaling that of cortical interneurons. Here, we integrate single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic atlases from 24 vertebra...

Electron Shot Noise on a Current Biased Antenna

Abstract The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Fields Experiment (FIELDS) uses Radio Frequency Spectrometer (RFS) data and Quasi‐Thermal Noise Spectroscopy (QTN) to determine the temperature and density of electrons in the heliosphere. The FIELDS antennas typically operate with a negative...

An orbifold framework for classifying layer groups with an application to knitted fabrics

Abstract Entangled structures, such as textiles and architected materials, are often doubly periodic. Owing to this property and their finite transverse thickness, the symmetries of these materials are described by the crystallographic layer groups. While orbifold notation provid...

Political Polarization and Counter-attitudinal Information Consumption and Internalization

Abstract Political polarization can undermine democratic governance by weakening electoral accountability through biases in voter information consumption and processing. A growing literature, primarily from high-income countries, has identified promising interventions to reduce n...

Threomer Inhibition of S1−ACE2 Binding

Abstract The interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1) and human ACE2 receptor is essential for viral entry into host epithelial cells and a key target for drug discovery. Here, we describe the evolution of a threomer, a base-modif...

Tracking the baryon number with nuclear collisions

Baryon quantum number is found to be conserved since baryogenesis in the early Universe. Conventionally, each fractionally charged valence quark is understood to carry one-third of a baryon number. An alternative hypothesis posits that baryon number is instead carried by a baryon...

Inventories of Rich Carbon-Chain Chemistry in Prestellar and Starless Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud

Abstract Carbon-chain molecules serve as an important reservoir of reactive organic matter that will eventually be incorporated into protoplanetary disks, planets, and cometary material. Prestellar and starless cores are composed of cold (~ 10 K) and dense (~ 105 cm−3) clumps of...

Accurate SEM-EDS quantification, automation, and machine learning enable high-throughput compositional characterization of powders

<title>Abstract</title> Compositional characterization is essential for understanding and optimizing material performance. For powder-based materials underpinning many modern technologies, however, accurately and rapidly resolving the composition of individual constituent phases...

Political Belonging in the Ghana-Togo Borderlands: Citizenship and the Vote at the Margins of the State

Nathalie Raunet’s Political Belonging in the Ghana-Togo Borderlands examines the construction of territorial political communities through a study of the Ewe, an ethnic group straddling the Ghana-T...

Greenhouse gas emissions of subsea telecommunications cables: A comparative study of trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific systems

Subsea cables are critical for international data exchange. Yet lifecycle assessments (LCA) remain scarce, leaving a critical gap in understanding both the climate impacts of these systems and wider global telecommunications networks. Drawing on a unique model of industry collabo...

Using a systematic review of youth and environmental youth participatory action research outcomes to create a modified implementation capacity framework

While youth participatory action research (YPAR), a youth-adult partnered or youth-led approach to knowledge generation and social change, has burgeoned over the last decade, challenges remain related to capacity for its implementation. Yet, the field lacks a YPAR implementation...

Cancer Screening and Citizenship Status in the US

Importance: Immigrants without US citizenship, or noncitizens, disproportionately endure poverty, labor exclusions, and inadequate health care access-structural drivers of adverse cancer outcomes. While screening is critical for preventing cancer deaths, and cancer is the leading...

Sharing the Burden: The Impacts of Pharmacy Sector Reforms on the Labor Market for Pharmacists in Portugal

ABSTRACT During the 2010 crisis, the Portuguese government enacted several reforms to its prescription drug reimbursement system. As a result, value added per pharmacist in pharmacies fell by a third. We use longitudinal records from Quadros de Pessoal (QP), merged with collectiv...

Electrostatically Limited PFSA Ionomer Adsorption to Catalyst Particles in Catalyst Inks

Abstract Understanding and controlling ionomer adsorption in catalyst inks is critical to optimizing catalyst-layer structure and performance in membrane-electrode assemblies. Here, we systematically quantify perfluorosulfonic-acid (PFSA) ionomer adsorption across a diverse set o...

Catalyst Control of Alkylbenzene Molecular Architecture in Tandem Catalytic Hydrogenolysis-Aromatization of Polyethylene

Abstract Upcycling of polyethylene (PE) can transform waste material into chemically valuable building blocks such as linear alkylbenzenes, with potential use in anionic surfactants. Alkylbenzenes can be formed by tandem hydrogenolysis-aromatization of PE, catalyzed by Pt nanopar...

Impact of a health education intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and use of visibility materials among commercial motorcycle riders: a quasi-experimental study in Cameroon

Abstract Background Commercial motorcycle riders are among the most vulnerable road users in low- and middle-income countries, with poor visibility contributing significantly to road traffic crashes, particularly under low-light conditions. Visibility materials such as reflective...

Framing Displacement, Forcing Perspective: Black Visual Geographies and the Crisis of Homelessness in Oakland

ABSTRACT While Black and visual geographies have examined the image's racial and spatial power, more work is needed to analyze how racial frames of view become spatially embedded. This paper advances such a practice by analyzing news images of homelessness in Oakland. Methodologi...

Developing interactive learning interfaces for teaching AI in health professions education using generative AI tools

Health professions education (HPE) must now equip students to use artificial intelligence (AI) tools safely. We offer an instructional design strategy for HPE educators aiming to teach fundamental AI concepts to non-technical audiences: using generative AI to rapidly create inter...

Plant hormone manipulation impacts salt spray tolerance, which preempts herbivory as a driver of local adaptation in the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus.

A major challenge in evolutionary biology is identifying the selective agents and phenotypes underlying local adaptation. Local adaptation along environmental gradients may be driven by trade-offs in allocation to reproduction, growth, and herbivore resistance. To identify enviro...

Disruptions as catalysts for change: exploring multi-year temporal dynamics of mobility styles

Abstract Disruptive events, ranging from extreme weather events to global pandemics, inevitably reshape the way people live, travel, and interact with their environments. Understanding both temporary shifts and longer-term behavioral adaptations in response to disruptions is crit...