University of California, Berkeley

A Collectivist, Economic Vision for AI

Information technology is in the midst of a revolution in which omnipresent data collection and machine learning are impacting the human world as never before. The word “intelligence” is being used as a North Star for the development of this technology, with human cognition viewe...

The AWAKEN wind farm benchmark – Part 2: Modeling results

Abstract. Accurately modeling wind farm performance in complex atmospheric flows remains a challenge. This paper presents the modeling results of the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) wind farm benchmark, a collaborative effort involving 16 research groups from academia and indus...

When mulch burns: fire risks at the wildland–urban interface

Background Mulch is widely used for landscaping in wildland–urban interface (WUI) communities but can act as a fuelbed that facilitates fire spread from vegetation to structures. Aims Although prior laboratory studies have investigated mulch ignition thresholds, few have examined...

Semi-pessimistic Reinforcement Learning

Offline reinforcement learning aims to learn an optimal policy from pre-collected data. However, it faces challenges of distributional shift, where the learned policy may encounter unseen scenarios not covered in the offline data. Additionally, numerous applications suffer from a...

Forest Kernel Balancing Weights: Outcome‐Guided Features for Causal Inference

While balancing covariates between groups is central for observational causal inference, selecting which features to balance remains a challenging problem. Kernel balancing is a promising approach that first estimates a kernel that captures similarity across units and then balanc...

BeyondMimic: From motion tracking to versatile humanoid control via guided diffusion

The humanlike form of humanoid robots uniquely positions them to achieve the agility and versatility in motor skills that humans have. Learning from human demonstrations offers a scalable approach to acquiring these capabilities. However, prior works either produced unnatural mot...

Approaching an unknown communication system by latent space exploration and causal inference

Abstract We propose a methodology for discovering meaningful properties in data without ground truth by combining manipulation of the latent variables of generative models to extreme values with causal inference in an approach we call causal disentanglement with extreme values (C...

Development and Applicability of High-Performance Fly Ash–Based Controlled Low-Strength Material: Laboratory Test, Numerical Analysis, and Field Test

Abstract The increasing occurrence of ground sinking in metropolitan cities due to excavation-induced backfill instability has raised significant safety concerns. Conventional compacted soils used for backfilling underground utilities often fail to provide adequate support, leadi...

Prefoldin function links meiotic chromosome segregation with cellular remodeling and reveals tubulin sensitivity of the meiotic spindle

Abstract Faithful chromosome segregation is essential for producing viable gametes during meiosis, a specialized type of cell division compared to mitosis. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two consecutive chromosome segregation events without an intervening round of DNA replicati...

“I Know Far More Dead People Than I Do Live Ones”: Social Isolation Among Older Adults Who Use Stimulants

BACKGROUND: Social isolation is associated with poor physical health and premature mortality. Midlife and older adults who use stimulants (cocaine or methamphetamine) may be especially vulnerable to social isolation. METHODS: We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with...

The Salience of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Online Business

We examine the decision to become an entrepreneur in the context of online business. Using data on entrepreneurs from a large e-commerce marketplace in China, we find that individuals are more likely to start online businesses after observing the salient success of nearby stores....

Long-Integration Magnetar Burst Observatory (LIMBO): Instrument Summary and Early FRB Rate Constraints

Abstract The Long-Integration Magnetar Burst Observatory (LIMBO) is a real-time radio transient detection pipeline designed to search for dispersed fast radio bursts (FRBs) from Galactic magnetars. LIMBO employs a 4.3-m dish with a dual-polarization feed to continuously monitor a...

An additional water is introduced into the manganese cluster during the formation of the S3 state of photosystem II

During photosynthetic water oxidation, the Mn4Ca cluster in Photosystem II progresses through five intermediate Si (i = 0–4) states. X-ray crystallography studies have reported the insertion of one new O ligand during the formation of the S3 state, but recent studies question the...

Earliest simultaneous multi-color optical observations of GRB 230328B: from 41 seconds to the host-galaxy identification

Abstract We present a multiwavelength study of the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 230328B, combining prompt γ-ray observations with exceptionally early simultaneous optical photometry and extensive X-ray, radio, and host-galaxy follow-up. NUTTELA-TAO began simultaneous g′r′i′...

The perils of omitting omissions when modeling evidence accumulation

Response deadlines are commonly imposed in decision-making research to incentivize speedy decisions and sustained attention. This procedure frequently leads to a proportion of trials in which no response is made, and these omissions are often simply removed from the data during a...

LinkLlama: Enablinga Large Language Model for ChemicallyReasonable Linker Design

Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) relies heavily on the design of chemically viable linkers to connect fragments binding to different pocket regions into potent lead molecules. While recent generative models have advanced spatial fragment linking, they frequently produce linke...

Isothermal Captureand Release of Carbon Dioxide witha Porous Molecular Hexaamine

Abstract The decarbonization of fossil fuel combustion streams and air is imperative to achieve negative carbon emissions and requires discovery of new materials that exhibit high CO2 capacities, long-term stability, and minimal energy input for the release of pure CO2. Numerous...

Examining the relationship between D3Cr muscle mass, physical performance, and functional limitation in postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method provides a non-invasive and accurate assessment of muscle mass. Our objective was to examine the relationship between D3Cr muscle mass, objective measures of physical performance, and self-report physical function postmenopausal...

The immunophenotype and proviral landscape of HIV-infected CD4 T cells during antiretroviral therapy

In individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy, integrated HIV proviruses persist within CD4 T cells, forming a viral reservoir that rebounds if treatment is stopped. Identifying and targeting these rare, infected cells is critical for advancing therapies, but methods to stud...

Non-local physics-informed neural networks for forward and inverse solutions of granular flows

Abstract Dense granular flows exhibit nonlocal effects due to stress transmission in microplastic events, especially in quasi-static or slowly sheared regions. Hence, traditional local rheological models fail to capture spatial cooperativity effects that are prominent in many gra...