Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Communicating the uncertainty of individual risk from clinical prediction tools with the PGower similarity measure

Clinical prediction models offer risk estimates for individual patients that are uncertain, even when calibration and performance at the population level are good. We compute Gower’s distance between patients in the training dataset to construct a metric against which new patient...

Wafer-scale conformal metasurface optics

Curved and conformal optics provide additional geometric degrees of freedom that enable enhanced optical performance while satisfying non-optical constraints such as ergonomics, aerodynamics, and wearability. However, existing fabrication approaches for curved metasurfaces are li...

Development of a YOLOv9 model with angle loss for automatic detection of landmarks and cephalometric analysis

Abstract Artificial intelligence has been widely applied to identify anatomical landmarks on lateral cephalometric radiographs, reducing localization errors and improving the efficiency of cephalometric analysis. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an automated cephalometric...

M3: Conversational LLMs simplify secure clinical data access, understanding, and analysis

Large-scale clinical databases offer opportunities for medical research, but their complexity creates barriers to effective use. The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV), one of the world’s largest open-source electronic health record databases, traditionally re...

The Dedicated Docket in U.S. Immigration Courts: An Analysis of Fairness and Efficiency Properties

Problem definition: The dedicated docket was introduced by the Biden Administration to reform the immigration system. It creates a separate queue for immigration proceedings where judges are supposed to issue a decision for each case within a target timeframe. The administration...

Auditing sex/gender disparities in emergency triage with LLM-based paired comparisons

We present a domain-agnostic paired-comparison approach that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to quantify sex/gender-related asymmetries in documented clinical decision-making. The method trains an LLM to emulate observed decisions, then evaluates sex-swapped pairs in which only...

Under-water ignition and combustion of PDMS processed Al/CuO nanoparticle composite

This study investigates the fabrication and performance of hydrophobic nanothermite powders prepared by combining liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prepolymers with thermite powders in a dispersion medium. The resulting composite remained dry when submerged underwater and could...

Dynamics of a jointly commensurate moiré charge density wave

Abstract The advent of two-dimensional moiré systems has revolutionized the exploration of phenomena arising from strong correlations and nontrivial band topology. Recently, a moiré superstructure formed by two coexisting charge density waves with slightly mismatched wavevectors...

Simultaneous band-pass Raman spectroscopy for robust noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring

Abstract The rising incidence of diabetes underscores an urgent need for accurate, user-friendly, and truly noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Raman spectroscopy is an attractive foundation for noninvasive CGM because it is label-free and offers direct molecular spe...

Computational Design and Experimental Validation of Photoactive PARP1 Inhibitors

Abstract Light-activated drugs are a promising way to treat localized diseases for which existing treatments have severe side effects. However, their development is complicated by the set of photophysical and biological properties that must be simultaneously optimized. Here we us...

BOS-TMC Data Set: DFT Properties of 159k Experimentally Characterized Transition Metal Complexes Spanning Multiple Charge and Spin States.

We present the Boston Open-Shell Transition Metal Complex (BOS-TMC) data set, a set of density functional theory (DFT) properties for 159k experimentally characterized mononuclear transition metal complexes (TMCs) in multiple spin states with a range of formal charges derived fro...

EPR and ENDOR Characterization of Fe- and S-Ethylated [4Fe-4S]1+ Clusters, and a Cascade of H-Atom Abstractions Following Photolysis of the Fe–C Bond

Abstract Initiation of radical reactions by radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) enzymes involves a central organometallic intermediate denoted Ω, with an Fe–C bond between the unique iron of a [4Fe-4S]3+ cluster and 5′C of 5′-dAdo. In some radical SAM (RS) enzyme processes, the...

Built for walking: Cross-city and cross-scale built environment associations with walking from massive, fine-grained mobile trajectory data

Promoting walking is increasingly important for environmental sustainability and public health. This effort requires a nuanced understanding of the relationship between the built environment and walking behavior. Previous studies primarily rely on traditional datasets with limite...

Molecular Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Solvents for Wet Algae Lipid Extraction and Biofuel Production

Abstract Microalgae represent promising feedstocks for biofuel production, yet cell-wall disruption remains a critical bottleneck for scaling up lipid extraction. This study evaluates four cholinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green, energy-effi...

Artificial intelligence in clinical trials—state of the evidence, gaps, and next steps

Artificial intelligence (AI) affects clinical trials in two distinct but overlapping ways: as the intervention under evaluation and as infrastructure supporting trial design, recruitment, monitoring, endpoint assessment, analysis, and reporting. In this manuscript, we define AI-a...

What primates know about other minds and how often they use it: A computational approach to comparative theory of mind

Can non-human primates (NHPs) represent other minds? Answering this question is difficult because primates can fail tasks due to a lack of motivation or succeed through simpler strategies. Here, we address these challenges through a computational theory-testing framework for NHP...

A contactless heat engine driven by nonreciprocal fluctuation-induced torques

We describe a contactless heat engine in which quantum and thermal electromagnetic fluctuations act as the working medium. The setup consists of two concentric cylinders held at different temperatures. The inner cylinder stably levitates within the outer one due to repulsive none...

About a Ball Removal Process on Bins

We consider a basic balls-and-bins question in which you have to distribute n balls into k bins. Then, round by round, a ball is removed from a nonempty bin chosen uniformly at random. The process ends when a single nonempty bin remains. The goal is to minimize the expected numbe...

Halo assembly bias in the early Universe: a clustering probe of the origin of the Little Red Dots

Abstract The clustering of galaxies encodes key information about the structure and assembly history of their host dark matter (DM) haloes, providing a powerful probe of the origin of extreme high-redshift systems. While halo assembly bias has been extensively studied at low reds...

How to Care for Your AI Companion

Most scholars who argue that users cannot have genuine friendships with their AI companions attempt to show this by arguing that no current AI can be a friend back to its user. Lott and Hasselberger ( 2025 ) argue, instead, that the reason such friendships are not possible is tha...