Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Free-space and satellite-based quantum communication: Principles, implementations, and challenges

Satellite-based quantum communications represent a critical advancement in the pursuit of secure, global-scale quantum networks. Leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, these systems offer unparalleled security through Quantum Key Distribution and other quantum communicat...

Learning dissipative chaotic dynamics with boundedness guarantees

Chaotic dynamics, commonly seen in weather systems and fluid turbulence, are characterized by their sensitivity to initial conditions, which makes accurate prediction challenging. Recent approaches have focused on developing data-driven models that attempt to preserve invariant s...

Origin of mechanical strain and its spatial uniformity enhancement from recessed silicon nitride sidewall stressor

Wavelength bandwidth is a key performance metric for emerging optical interconnects targeting high-data-rate communications. Strain engineering has proven effective in tailoring the wavelength bandwidth of Ge photonic devices. Although a recessed SiN sidewall stressor was found t...

Exploring transcriptomic and genomic latent variable correction approaches in differential expression analysis

Abstract Background Differential expression analysis is a central tool for studying the biological processes altered in human diseases via transcriptomic signatures. However, transcriptomic datasets are systematically confounded by latent variables from two distinct sources: unme...

Can multi-dimensional descriptive representation increase policy priority alignment? Evidence from South African municipalities

Abstract Does an increase in the number of shared identity traits between citizens and their public representatives increase the likelihood that they will agree on policy priorities? The identities of citizens and politicians are complex and multi-dimensional, but we know little...

Advancing Heart Failure Classification Beyond Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Unsupervised Machine Learning Insights From the Japanese Nationwide Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Cohort: JROADHF

Background Heart failure (HF) classification based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) inadequately captures HF heterogeneity, limiting phenotype‐specific therapies. While machine learning (ML) has been applied to HF with preserved ejection fraction, comprehensive approa...

Frontier orbital control in PIII/PV catalysis

While the familiar Lewis basicity of tricoordinate phosphorus compounds underpins their many uses as ligands, reagents, and catalysts in synthesis, a complementary mode of ‘non-Lewis base’ organoph...

Quantifying the Impacts of Junction Functionality on Primary Loop Formation in Linear Polymers and Polymer Networks

Abstract Most polymer networks formed from flexible precursors contain elastically inactive primary loops that significantly impact macroscopic material properties. While primary loop formation is known to decrease with increasing strand concentration and length, the role of junc...

Antarctic sea ice response to meltwater due to Antarctic ice sheet mass loss in a multi-model ensemble

Abstract. We present the first multi-model study of the Antarctic sea ice response to enhanced meltwater due to dynamic mass loss from the Antarctic ice sheet. This meltwater flux (and its future increase under global warming) is not included in the most recent state-of-the-art c...

Hidden subsurface suspended sediment export from Greenland's marine‐terminating glaciers

Abstract Runoff and calved ice volumes from the Greenland Ice Sheet are well constrained, but quantifying the associated suspended sediment flux remains challenging. Here we present near‐terminus observations from three glacierized fjords in southeast Greenland, combining full‐de...

TIP-INN: A thermodynamics-informed machine learning framework for the mechanical behavior of rocks

Abstract Modeling the mechanical deformation of geological materials across relevant thermodynamic conditions and dynamic processes remains a fundamental challenge in Earth sciences. Conventional rheological models rely on isolated disciplinary approaches and hard-coded iterative...

Power-law scaling of mitotic spindles with genome sizes across eukaryotes is driven by chromosome crowding

Abstract Genome size varies more than 10,000-fold across eukaryotes, yet how the mitotic spindle adapts to this range remains unknown. Here we show that metaphase plate width scales with genome size following a power law with an exponent of ~1/3 across eukaryotes. Comparative ana...

Lymph node contraction links sex-biased naive CD8+ T cell decline to compromised antigen recognition during middle age

Abstract The abundance of diverse naive CD8 + T cell clones is essential for broad protection against infection and cancer, but how sex and aging jointly shape this compartment remains poorly understood. Here, using mouse models with supporting human data, we uncover a sex-biased...

A Generalization of RSK to d-Complete Posets

The hook length formula for d-complete posets expresses the number of linear extensions of a d-complete poset $P$ in terms of hooks of $P$. It generalizes the usual hook length formula for standard Young tableaux, as well as hook length formulas for shifted Young tableaux and tre...

Demystifying Prediction-Powered Inference

Machine learning predictions are increasingly used to supplement incomplete or costly-to-measure outcomes in fields such as biomedical research, environmental science, and social science. However, treating predictions as ground truth introduces bias while ignoring them wastes val...

Spatiotemporal noise stabilizes unbounded diversity in strongly competitive communities

Classical ecological models predict that diverse communities should be unstable, presenting a central challenge to explaining the stable biodiversity seen in nature. We revisit this long-standing problem by extending the generalized Lotka–Volterra model to include both spatial st...

Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics

Improvements to the radiative efficiency of halide perovskite thin films are necessary to approach fundamental solar cell performance limits. We tailored perovskite crystallization by leveraging the eutectic interaction between zinc bromide and methylammonium chloride additives....

High-fidelity entangling gates and nonlocal circuits with neutral atoms

The generation and manipulation of entanglement with low error are essential in quantum information systems. In practice, two-qubit entangling gates constitute a dominant error source, limiting circuit depths and performance in fault-tolerant architectures. Using a neutral-atom q...

Latent causal diffusions for single-cell perturbation modeling

Perturbation screens hold the potential to systematically map regulatory processes at single-cell resolution, yet modeling and predicting transcriptome-wide responses to perturbations remains a major computational challenge. Existing methods often underperform simple baselines, f...

How Heat Stress Mediates the Impacts of Street-level Environmental Features on Housing Prices: A Comparative Study of Center City and Outside Areas in Philadelphia

Urban heat increasingly shapes housing markets, but existing studies often use coarse data and overlook spatial differences. This study develops an SEM-centered framework, with RF-SHAP as a non-parametric robustness check, to examine how 1-meter Universal Thermal Climate Index (U...