Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Designing a buildable optimised stellarator to confine electron–positron plasmas

In this paper, the design of the plasma equilibrium and superconducting coils for the electrons and positrons in an optimised stellarator electrons and positrons in an optimized stellarator (EPOS), experiment is presented. With newly developed stellarator optimisation tools, incl...

Different Last Millennium El Niño Southern Oscillation Sea Surface Temperature Patterns Drive Disparate North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Characteristics

Abstract Understanding the relationship between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity is critical for both seasonal predictions and future projections of TCs. Unfortunately, the satellite observational era (1970‐pres...

Estimating vehicular emissions by applying deep learning on video camera scenes

Despite advances in electrification, urban traffic remains a substantial source of air pollution and poses a major threat to public health. Addressing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vehicular emissions requires scalable methodologies. Here, we present a deep learning-b...

Did “might” make right? Epistemic modals in practical reasoning

Abstract Many philosophers have argued that the orthodox analysis of epistemic-modal sentences, on which such sentences assert facts about what is compatible with some contextually given informational state, is fatally flawed. As an alternative, some have suggested a nonfactualis...

Near-Optimal Mechanisms for Resource Allocation Without Monetary Transfers

Aligning Incentives Without Opening the Wallet Many organizations must repeatedly allocate scarce resources—computing capacity, scientific equipment, school seats, or food-bank supplies—when monetary payments are impractical or undesirable. Blanchard and Jaillet show how future a...

Analysis of rain-on-grid modeling tools for simulating flood risks in urban-coastal landscapes

ABSTRACT Floods are increasing globally, causing significant economic strains on cities. This study evaluates the trade-offs between computational efficiency and model accuracy in flood prediction using rain-on-grid approaches. We compared two open-source rain-on-grid models (LIS...

Atmospheric Density Modeling for High-Precision Deorbit Prediction During Space Weather Events

With the number of satellites in low Earth orbit rapidly growing and a predicted solar cycle maximum in 2025, accurate atmospheric density estimation for a range of solar and geomagnetic conditions is essential in deorbit event prediction, satellite orbit prediction, and collisio...

Design and Commissioning of a Deuterium-Tritium Gas Delivery System for Muon-Catalyzed Fusion in a Diamond Anvil Cell

We report the design, commissioning, and operation of deuterium-deuterium (DD) and deuterium-tritium (DT) gas delivery systems developed to load a diamond anvil cell (DAC) beam target for muon-catalyzed fusion (µCF). The DAC approach enables DT fuel to be compressed to gigapascal...

Correcting Autodifferentiation in Neural ODE Training

Abstract. Does the use of autodifferentiation yield reasonable updates for deep neural networks (DNNs)? Specifically, when DNNs are designed to adhere to neural ODE architectures, can we trust the gradients provided by autodifferentiation? Through mathematical analysis and numeri...

Full-core design of helical cruciform fuel for power uprate in water-cooled SMRs

Helical cruciform fuel (HCF) has been proposed as an advanced fuel design for water-cooled reactors, offering enhanced safety margins through an increased heat transfer area and the potential for higher core power density compared with standard cylindrical fuel. However, comprehe...

GAP2POP as a complementary hierarchical framework for aligning knowledge gaps, health priorities, evidence generation, and population influence-impact

Background Health research evaluation frameworks rarely integrate the identification of knowledge gaps and health needs, the definition of health priorities, evidence generation, the monitoring of population indicators, and the assessment of knowledge translation and population i...

Portable Low-Field MRI of the Brain in Clinic and Community Settings

This cohort study evaluates portable, low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) against conventional MRI in memory clinic and community cohorts.

Recent advances in uranium (VI) uptake from aqueous solutions using clay mineral-based adsorbents

Due to the increasing use of nuclear energy as a primary energy source, large volumes of wastewater contaminated with radionuclides, particularly uranium, are being generated. Consequently, the quest for effective adsorbents for uranium removal from aqueous solutions has gained c...

Rapid data quality investigations of gravitational-wave events with the Data Quality Report Builder toolkit

Abstract We present the Data Quality Report Builder toolkit, DQRbuild, a suite of data quality tools that have been developed to vet gravitational-wave events in preparation for the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run. We explain the main functionality and the many scientific t...

Bioresorbable batteries for transient ingestible bioelectronics

Abstract Ingestible and implantable electronic devices are transforming personalized healthcare by enabling real-time sensing, targeted therapy and diagnostic capabilities. However, powering these systems remains a major challenge owing to biocompatibility concerns and the enviro...

RamanOmics decodes the spatial vibrational–molecular architecture of senescence in aging and repair

Aging and tissue repair involve heterogeneous remodeling across transcriptional, biochemical and cellular dimensions, yet prevailing definitions rely on isolated molecular markers that obscure how these states co-evolve. Here we present RamanOmics, a multimodal framework integrat...

Mode-Engineered Metal Microheaters for Low-Loss Nonvolatile Phase-Change Photonics

Abstract Nonvolatile tuning based on phase-change materials offers a route to reconfigurable photonics with zero static power, but electrical switching remains limited by available microheaters. Doped-silicon heaters are effective yet lack transferability across broader material...

Communicating the uncertainty of individual risk from clinical prediction tools with the PGower similarity measure

Clinical prediction models offer risk estimates for individual patients that are uncertain, even when calibration and performance at the population level are good. We compute Gower’s distance between patients in the training dataset to construct a metric against which new patient...

Bad News Bearers: The Negative Tilt of the Financial Press

We show that increased media coverage strongly predicts lower subsequently announced firm fundamentals, earnings surprises, and higher likelihoods of bankruptcy, dividend cuts, and delistings. Additionally, we find that media articles often convey negative sentiment, with investo...

Consensus-Based Definitions for Vocal Biomarkers: The International VOCAL Initiative.

Introduction: Voice-based health technologies are growing rapidly, but they lack standardized terminology, which hinders interdisciplinary collaboration, research quality, and clinical translation. The objective of this work was to develop universally accepted definitions in the...