Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Latent causal diffusions for single-cell perturbation modeling

Perturbation screens hold the potential to systematically map regulatory processes at single-cell resolution, yet modeling and predicting transcriptome-wide responses to perturbations remains a major computational challenge. Existing methods often underperform simple baselines, f...

PrimerDesigner: Designing Efficient Primers for Synthesizing Large Protein Libraries Without Cross-Hybridization

Efficient synthesis of large protein libraries is key to making high-throughput biochemistry scalable. Advances in DNA microarray technology now allow more than 170,000 designed oligonucleotides to be synthesized in a single array, dramatically reducing cost and enabling pooled a...

An Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Kinetics of Branched Butyl Radicals 2-Methylpropan-1-yl and 2-Methylpropan-2-yl with Molecular Oxygen

Abstract We have measured the rate coefficient for the reaction between the 2-methylpropan-1-yl radical and molecular oxygen as a function of temperature and pressure in both He and N2 bath gases using photoionization mass spectrometry. Similar measurements were performed for the...

Fractional rheology of methylcellulose thermogelation

Methylcellulose is well known for its thermoreversible gelation. Here, we utilize a fractional viscoelastic constitutive framework to analyze the time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent behavior of the thermorheologically complex system formed by methylcellulose in water...

A multiomic atlas reveals distinct immune landscapes in preterm and term chronic placental inflammation

Chronic placental inflammation (CPI), an umbrella term encompassing chronic chorioamnionitis, chronic villitis, and chronic deciduitis, is associated with preterm birth (PTB), yet its cellular and molecular determinants across gestation remain poorly defined. Here, we constructed...

Geometry-enforced topological chiral fermions in amorphous chiral metals

Since the prediction and observation of topological Weyl semimetals (chiral TSMs), there have been enormous efforts to characterize further condensed matter realizations of chiral fermions. These efforts were dramatically accelerated by the subsequent discovery of a profound link...

Willingness to Participate in HIV Cure Research Among Young People Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Young people living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPLHIV) represent a unique population for HIV cure research, offering opportunities to assess interventions in a group for whom adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is particularly challenging. Understanding their perspect...

Human trilayer engineered blood vessel reveals influence of fibroblasts on disease progression in model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria

In vitro models of vascular disease have focused primarily on the pathophysiology of smooth muscle cell (SMC) or endothelial cell (EC). Adventitial fibroblasts can contribute to disease progression, but their specific influence is not well understood in different disease contexts...

Learning Quantum Hamiltonians at Any Temperature in Polynomial Time

Abstract. We study the problem of learning a local quantum Hamiltonian [Formula: see text] given copies of its Gibbs state [Formula: see text] at a known inverse temperature [Formula: see text]. Anshu et al. [2020 IEEE 61st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, pp....

Bandwidth-Limited Critical Currents in Electrically Tunable Moire Bands

Abstract Moiré superlattices host narrow minibands whose bandwidth governs correlated and topological phases. Here, we demonstrate that the bandwidth also sets the critical current for the onset of out-of-equilibrium transport. In bilayer graphene aligned to hexagonal boron nitr...

Discovery of a second-generation planet candidate accreting onto a white dwarf

Abstract Many white dwarfs accrete the debris of disrupted planetary bodies, detected in the form of metal enrichment in their atmospheres, dusty or gaseous circumstellar discs, and photometric transits from debris. The composition of accreted debris has been shown to be diverse...

Are X-Ray Atmospheres Heated by Turbulent Dissipation? XRISM Constraints

Abstract We evaluate whether dissipation of turbulence injected into hot cluster atmospheres by jets and bubbles can offset radiative cooling flows. No trends are found between atmospheric velocity dispersion, σ v , and either the ratio of kinetic to thermal energy or jet power o...

Unified Mesoscale Framework Bridging Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Transport Properties of Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as sustainable alternatives to molecular solvents because of their unique physicochemical properties. Although quantum chemical simulations provide fundamental insights into their intermolecular interactions, constructing coarse-grained m...

Surface Locomotion of Cell‐Sized Microrobots Subject to Adhesive Heterogeneity

Chemically powered microrobots provide a promising route toward untethered operation at small length scales, but their motion near surfaces is often difficult to predict because it depends strongly on both particle design and the local interfacial environment. Here, we investigat...

Engineering Carbon Cloth‐Catalyst Interfaces for Pt‐Free Hydrogen Evolution Across the Full pH Spectrum

ABSTRACT The development of Pt‐free electrocatalysts is critical for reducing the cost of hydrogen production through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although extensive efforts have focused on improving the intrinsic activity of earth‐abundant catalysts, the role of the ca...

Bridging the Gap Between Contemporary and Buddhist Definitions of Mindfulness: A Scoping Review

Abstract Background Divergent definitions of mindfulness complicate the interpretation of mindfulness-based intervention research. Some scholars suggest that incorporating insights from historical models of mindfulness in Buddhism may further enhance the benefits of mindfulness p...

Combination strategy of photothermal therapy and targeted IFN-β mutein priming elicits a durable abscopal effect

Metastatic tumors remain difficult to cure due to frequent dissemination and recurrence. While photothermal therapy (PTT) can trigger abscopal effects, PTT monotherapy often fails to sustain systemic immunity. Here, we investigated a tripartite strategy combining PTT, a tumor-tar...

Dynamic tRNA modification programs align codon usage with growth-phase-specific gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Post-transcriptional transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications dynamically regulate translational capacity, yet whether the tRNA epitranscriptome is temporally coordinated with gene expression programs during bacterial growth remains unknown. Here, we combine time-resolved nanopore tRNA...

Interpretable and Calibrated Classification of Clinical Data Using Supervised Feature Binarization

Black-box models limit the adoption of artificial intelligence in medicine because their predictions are difficult to interpret and reproduce. We present a statistically grounded framework for interpretable, rule-based clinical classification using the Bernoulli Naïve Bayes (BNB)...

Data-Driven Micromechanical Characterization and Mapping of Shale Rocks Using High-Speed Nanoindentation

Abstract This study investigates the potential of high-speed nanoindentation in collaboration with data analytics and phase volume fractions to achieve micromechanical characterization of heterogeneous rocks. Although micromechanical characterization can be performed using mechan...