Massachusetts General Hospital

Acute Myeloid Leukemia Involving the Skin

ABSTRACT Leukemia cutis (LC) refers to cutaneous infiltration by leukemic cells, most often by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults and by lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Although uncommon, LC is a clinically significant manifestation of extramedullary disease and may prece...

Rethinking Restrictive Diets in IBD: Toward an Inclusion-Focused Nutritional Paradigm

Abstract Purpose of Review Patient-initiated elimination diets are widely adopted by those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet the evidence supporting their long-term use remains limited and their risks are increasingly recognized. Some common elimination diets utilized by...

Transitioning to nonpunitive school policies for addressing student substance use: Qualitative interviews with key school administrators

Abstract Recent policy change in Massachusetts encourages schools to limit their use of exclusionary discipline to “extraordinary circumstances,” but little work has explored the opportunities and challenges of transitioning to nonpunitive practices after student substance use in...

Time to diagnosis of acute kidney injury and its predictors among outborn neonates in India: a competing-risk analysis of tele-ICU network data (2022–2024)

Background There is limited data on neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) from resource-constrained settings. In this study, we describe time to AKI diagnosis and its predictors among neonates born outside the treating hospital (outborn) in India, accounting for competing events lik...

Streamlined CRISPR-based assays for detection and subtyping of H5 and H7 avian influenza

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are zoonotic pathogens that pose an increasing global threat due to their potential for significant economic losses in agriculture, and the risk of a pandemic should human-to-human transmission occur. In light of this, we need rapid, sensitive, and...

Dual Functions of B7-H3-MAPK Signaling Orchestrate Tumor Immunosuppression via Regulating the Plasticity of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Fibroblasts

B7-H3/CD276 is an emerging immunotherapy target in cancers. However, limited knowledge of B7-H3 signaling and its role in modulating the tumor microenvironment hinders the clinical application of B7-H3-targeting therapy. Here, we report that B7-H3 plays dual roles in regulating m...

International variation in neuropsychological test use practices: Implications for test adaptation and fair assessment

Neuropsychological test selection varies substantially across countries and languages, yet which instruments clinicians use internationally remains poorly documented. Using a survey of International Neuropsychological Society members (INSConnect, 2023), we examined instrument end...

Toward actionable biomarkers in psychiatry: a collaborative roadmap for precision clinical trials. An ACNP position paper

Abstract Psychiatric drug development remains constrained by diagnostic heterogeneity, insufficient and inconsistent drug response, high placebo response rates, and the absence of validated biomarkers that can reliably guide patient stratification, trial design, and regulatory de...

Evaluation of clinical performance of artificial intelligence-assisted measurement of thoracic aortic diameter on non-contrast CT

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted measurement of thoracic aortic diameter on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT). This single-center prospective study included 79 patients (mean age = 70 ± 13 standard deviation; 46...

Lack of Knee Confidence Is Associated With Lower Functional Scores After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at 2‐Year Follow‐Up

Purpose To evaluate how patients rate their knee confidence after anterior cruciate ligament injury, when confidence in their knee returns after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and how knee confidence correlates with self‐reported outcomes related to return to s...

Robust changes in brain function require high D2 receptor occupancy by prochlorperazine: an imaging correlate for the antipsychotic therapeutic window

Abstract The dopamine D 2 -receptor antagonist prochlorperazine is approved clinically as both an antipsychotic and an antiemetic. Classical antipsychotics like prochlorperazine have been shown to treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia at occupancies higher than 60% with ex...

Model-based estimation of the population contrast response function in human visual cortex

Contrast determines how strong visual stimuli drive neural responses and, in turn, how well we can see. This contrast-response relationship is nonlinear, with gain control mechanisms acting to compress responses to high-contrast stimuli, effectively setting the contrast range tha...

Sexual health and healthy aging: the five ‘I’s conceptual framework

Sexual health remains important throughout life, including in older age. This special collection shows that older adults need respectful, inclusive, and culturally appropriate sexual health services. The five ’I’s framework – importance, individuality, inclusion, involvement, and...

Program-Level Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Use and 10-Year Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

This comparative effectiveness research examines the association between neoadjuvant chemotherapy adoption by US cancer programs and 10-year survival among patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

“It makes me free”: participant perspectives on HIV prevention and contraception delivery at hair salons in Durban, South Africa

Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use is low among women, particularly in South Africa (SA), where HIV incidence remains high. Providing integrated HIV prevention with other sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in community settings may promote uptake and engagement....

Impact of Radiation Therapy on Physical and Psychosocial Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Joint Report From the Children's Oncology Group AYA and Radiation Oncology Committees

ABSTRACT Rates of cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYA), age 15–39 years, are increasing. Consequently, radiation oncologists are treating more AYAs who have diagnoses spanning both pediatric and adult practices. Compared to pediatric and older adult patients, AYAs face...

Pancreatic Cancer Screening and Early Detection: Where Are We Now?

Screening for pancreatic cancer with imaging techniques in high-risk individuals—including patients with a genetic predisposition, a family history, or precursor lesions—is critical for improving early detection and survival outcomes, and multimodal strategies that integrate AI-e...

β‐ TP For Diagnosing CSF Leak After the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach Surgery for Sellar Tumors

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of quantitative beta‐trace protein (β‐TP) as an early biomarker for identifying postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks following endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) surgery for sellar tumors. Methods A...

A Mixed Methods Quality Improvement Evaluation of a Dedicated Virtual Rounding Team for Home Hospital Care

Background Importance Home hospital is the delivery of acute, hospital-level care at home as a substitute for traditional brick-and-mortar care. Most past literature includes a care model where home hospital providers visit the patient at home. Due to the inefficiencies of travel...

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently defined tumor type that is not well-understood. Prognostic factors of clinical outcomes are not well-established. METHODS: Methylation profiling was performed on tumor samples, many at the National Cance...