Massachusetts General Hospital

Subtype-specific differences in susceptibility to monoclonal antibodies and vaccines among contemporary RSV-A and RSV-B isolates

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) continues to circulate at high levels despite the introduction of new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines targeting the pre-fusion F (pre-F) protein. We analyzed the viral genome sequences of 133 RSV clinical samples collected duri...

Treating co‐occurring alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder: A systematic review of combination and multimodal pharmacotherapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur and are associated with greater symptom severity and elevated suicide risk relative to either disorder alone, yet no pharmacological regimen is approved for the combined...

Moderating effect of social support on the association between changes in financial stress and depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Medicaid recipients: a longitudinal study

The COVID-19 pandemic caused financial disruption for some individuals, especially in lower-income communities. Social support has been shown to protect mental health during stressful times, but little is known about whether social support protects against financial stress. This...

An immunocompetent, multifluorescent resource for real-time analysis of osteosarcoma progression, metastasis, and response to therapy

Despite substantial treatment improvements, the 5-year survival rate for metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) is still as low as 20%. Immunocompetent genetic mouse models of OS have been introduced, enabling in vivo OS studies. Here, we present the ROCCIA mouse, a quintuple-mutant extens...

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Outbreaks in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Transmission Dynamics, and Outbreak Investigations

BACKGROUND: Although Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) outbreaks continue to occur in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients, no systematic review has synthesized the available evidence to provide an aggregated understanding of their epidemiology and transmission. METH...

A TERRA-NONO axis drives fibroblast reprogramming in cancer

The molecular mechanisms linking chromosome homeostasis to fibroblast reprogramming into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a clinically relevant, telomere-associated nuclear pathway driving CAF activation across multiple human cancer...

A rapid, inexpensive diagnostic for bacterial pathogen and resistance detection in resource-limited settings

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, with disproportionate impact in regions with limited diagnostic infrastructure. To address this challenge, we developed BADLOCK (Bacterial and AMR Detection by SHERLOCK), a rapid, low-cost molecular diagnostic platform for...

Mitochondrial carrier SLC25A34 links clock, diet, and temperature control of adipocyte lipid cycling

Adipocyte lipid metabolism is coordinated by circadian rhythms, diet, and environmental temperature, but how these diverse signals are molecularly integrated remains unknown. We showed that these cues converge on the orphan mitochondrial transporter SLC25A34 to orchestrate lipid...

Preresidency Fellowships in Neurosurgery: A Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Survey of Utility and Outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neurosurgery remains one of the most competitive residency specialties in the United States. For applicants, particularly international medical graduates (IMGs), preresidency fellowships (PRFs) have emerged to strengthen applications through research, c...

Comparative analysis of mitochondrial proteomes across the tree of life

Mitochondria arose from the endosymbiosis of a bacterium with an archaea-related host cell about 2 billion years ago. To understand their origins and evolution, we compared experimentally defined mitoproteomes from the MitoCarta Tree of Life project. Across eight organisms, we id...

Mitochondrial proteome of Acanthamoeba delineates aerobic and anaerobic pathways dynamically regulated by oxygen

Acanthamoeba castellanii causes infectious blindness and resides in a key evolutionary outgroup to humans and fungi. Its divergent mitochondria are of outstanding interest due to their predicted aerobic and anaerobic functions with potential for drug targeting. However, a detaile...

Acanthamoeba ATP synthase structure reveals the TCA cycle is tethered to OXPHOS

Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a key metabolic process that couples redox energy to ATP production. While some core OXPHOS complex subunits are found across all domains of life, many have diverged or expanded across evolution—as seen in the protozoan pathogen Acanthamoeba...

Conserved and divergent mitochondrial assemblies in kinetoplastid parasites

The mitochondrial proteomes of Leishmania tarentolae and Trypanosoma brucei contain ∼1,700 proteins, most of which lack homologs in higher eukaryotes. Here, we integrate complexome profiling and cryo-electron microscopy to define conserved and lineage-specific macromolecular asse...

A high-confidence plant mitochondrial proteome via protein correlation profiling

Plant mitochondria share many features with animal mitochondria but also possess unique traits, including presence of both circular and linear mitochondrial DNA, RNA editing, a branched electron transport chain, and metabolic pathways supporting photosynthesis. An accurate mitoch...

A Hybrid Quantum–AI Framework for Protein Structure Prediction on NISQ Devices

Variational quantum algorithms provide a direct, physics-based approach to protein structure prediction, but their accuracy is limited by the coarse resolution of the energy landscapes generated on current noisy devices. We propose a hybrid framework that combines quantum computa...

Preconception, Prenatal and Postnatal PM2.5 Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Disorder Risk among Medicaid Recipients

Abstract Evidence linking ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) remains mixed. We conducted a cohort study (2001–2013) of 1,547,244 Medicaid-enrolled mother-child pairs to assess associations between zip-code–level PM2.5...

Conversational themes and interaction patterns in peer support for adolescents and young people living with HIV: scoping review protocol

Peer support for adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYPLHIV) has demonstrated effectiveness in improving clinical and psychosocial outcomes. However, the specific conversational content and interaction patterns that underpin successful peer support remain poorly charac...

Melanoma Prognostication Using AI ‐Guided Histopathology

Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification are central for optimal management of patients with melanoma. Current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging systems inadequately stratify patients with clinically meaningful metastatic potential. Manual histopathologic interp...

Comparative Renal Effectiveness of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i in US Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes and CKD

Objective: To address limited comparative evidence in older, clinically complex patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), we compared nephroprotective outcomes after GLP-1RA versus SGLT2i initiation among US Veterans aged ≥65 years with...

Women, Medicine, and AI

This Viewpoint examines the relationship between women in the health care workforce and artificial intelligence (AI) and highlights opportunities for women to influence the design and use of AI in health care.