Chinese Academy of Sciences

Spatial Heterogeneity of Global Organic Matter Accumulation During the PETM

Abstract The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was an abrupt global warming event triggered by a massive release of isotopically light carbon. Rapid recovery from the PETM has been attributed to enhanced burial of organic matter (OM). However, the mechanisms and spatial dis...

Halide Solid‐State Electrolytes for all‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries: Structure, Transport, Interface Relationships and Design Principles

ABSTRACT Halide solid‐state electrolytes (HSEs) have recently emerged as a highly promising class of ionic conductors for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, owing to their high ionic conductivity, favorable electrochemical stability, and superior compatibility with high‐voltage c...

Protocol to generate human T cell progenitors that repopulate the thymus

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a powerful platform for generating T cell progenitors and investigating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-independent T cell development. Here, we present a protocol for the directed differentiation of hPSCs to generate early progenitors o...

Structural design and experimental validation of a titanium alloy hemispherical shell for ultra-deep-sea applications

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design, numerical simulation, and experimental validation of an ultra-high-strength titanium alloy hemispherical shell intended for pressure-resistant applications at depth of 11,000 meters. Employing the strength and sta...

Drivers of flash flood frequency and intensity in the United States: a quantitative analysis of hydrometeorological interactions

Abstract. Inconsistent changes in precipitation and flooding have spurred investigations into the underlying mechanisms, yet the quantitative understanding of interactions between precipitation, temperature, and land cover in streamflow dynamics remains limited. We investigate st...

Evolution of water pattern in Chagan Lake Basin from 2017 to 2025 using PlanetScope images and a newly developed MS-FCN8s algorithm

As a typical lake group in Northeast China, the Chagan Lake Basin's water dynamics are crucial for regional water security and ecological protection. High-resolution images have limited spectral information, water indices perform poorly in complex backgrounds, and deep learning m...

Recent Advances in Zeolite-Based Catalysts for Hydroisomerization of Long-Chain Alkanes

Long-chain n-alkane hydroisomerization is a key catalytic route for upgrading wax-rich, bio-derived, and synthetic hydrocarbon feedstocks into diesel fuels, sustainable aviation fuels, and lubricant base oils with improved low-temperature properties. However, selective hydroisome...

Structural insights into a substrate translocation pathway revealed by the RND efflux pump complex MexJK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Resistance–nodulation–cell division (RND) efflux pumps are the major cause of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The inner membrane protein MexK from P. aeruginosa is a narrow-spectrum RND transporter. It assembles with membrane fusion protein MexJ and outer membran...

First mitogenome-based phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation of deep-sea elasipodid sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Elasipodida)

Elasipodida is a major deep-sea holothuroid order, and distributed across depths ranging from 350 m to 7,000 m. Its high species diversity and extensive bathymetric range make it a key model system for investigating the evolutionary processes and adaptive radiation of deep-sea fa...

Crystal Void Fraction‐Engineered Fe‐S Catalysts for Self‐Sustaining Li‐CO 2 Mars Batteries

ABSTRACT Efficient energy storage is vital for self‐sustaining Martian exploration. Li‐CO 2 batteries are promising by utilizing the Martian atmosphere (∼95% CO 2 ) as active materials. Fe‐S minerals, abundant on Mars, offer a viable candidate for cathode catalysts, yet their str...

Coordinative chain transfer homopolymerization and copolymerization of bio‐sourced β ‐myrcene and butadiene promoted by iminopyridine iron complexes

Abstract A family of iron complexes bearing iminopyridine (ImPy) ligands with systematic variations on the N ‐aryl and pyridine moieties was evaluated as pre‐catalysts for the coordinative polymerization of β‐myrcene and butadiene. Upon activation with Al i Bu 3 and trityl borate...

Evaluation of the Impact of Aged Biomass Burning Emissions on the Global Ozone From the Surface to the Lower Stratosphere

Abstract Biomass burning (BB) is a major global sources of ozone (O 3 ) precursors, including nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we combine Community Earth System Model 1 with airborne measurements from the NASA Atmospheric...

A Configurable and Highly Efficient NTT/INTT/PWM Unit for CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium

CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium are representative lattice-based post-quantum cryptographic schemes, where number theoretic transform (NTT), inverse NTT (INTT), and point-wise multiplication (PWM) dominate polynomial arithmetic. Existing hardware accelerators are typically...

Spatiotemporal-switchable 2D NIR-II single-atom nanozyme for single-cell–level surgical navigation and glioblastoma phototherapy

Single-cell–level resolution tumor therapy represents an advanced strategy against glioblastoma but lacks suitable theranostic agents. Here, we developed a spatiotemporal-switchable, two-dimensional (2D), bismuthene-based second near-infrared window (NIR-II) nanozyme. In this pla...

Population genomics reveals ginseng domestication and ginsenoside biosynthesis

Ginseng ( Panax ginseng ), a valuable medicinal plant, is cultivated for the bioactive ginsenosides with cardiovascular protective effects that are abundant in its roots. However, the genetic basis of its domestication and ginsenoside variation is not fully understood. In this st...

Research on an Absolute Radiometric Calibration Method Based on a Point Source Array

Factors such as the optical point spread function (PSF), intrapixel sensitivity (IPS), and interpixel crosstalk of an imaging system can cause the response to point sources to vary with position, directly affecting the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy of the remote senso...

Decoupled Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling Across Soil Particle-Size Fractions in Apple Orchards of the Jiaodong Peninsula, China

The coupled mechanisms governing carbon–nitrogen turnover across soil particle-size fractions remain unclear. This study investigated soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) dynamics across five particle-size fractions in Cambisols under conventional and organic orchard...

Review of Particle Physics *

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and b...

Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization Enabling Divergent Heterocycle Syntheses

Abstract Direct C–H bond functionalization represents a facile synthetic strategy that adheres to the principle of atom economy. Among a variety of metal catalysts, rhodium catalysts demonstrate distinctive advantages owing to their excellent reactivity. This account summarizes o...

Manganese Ion‐Based NanoPlatforms for Tumor Theranostics

ABSTRACT Manganese‐ion‐based nanoparticles have emerged as highly versatile platforms that seamlessly integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functions, enabling precision cancer theranostics. In this review, we discuss manganese‐based nanomaterials through a design‐oriented framewo...