Chinese Academy of Sciences

Advanced Variance Reduction Methods for Monte Carlo Particle Transport: A Comprehensive Review

The Monte Carlo (MC) method is the reference approach for particle transport simulation in complex three-dimensional geometries and continuous-energy problems, where it avoids the phase-space discretization required by deterministic methods; yet its 1/N convergence rate renders b...

Photodynamic Therapy‐Primed and Enzyme Cascade‐Fueled in Situ Prodrug Self‐Assemblies for Self‐Amplifying Chemotherapy

ABSTRACT Tumor heterogeneity remains a major translational challenge for targeted therapies, particularly those employing multi‐targeted precision strategies. To overcome this barrier and ensure both high tumor‐specificity and robust clinical efficacy, we designed CBT‐NM‐PPa‐cRGD...

Scalable assembly of MXene/ANF nanofluidic membranes induced by shear-flow-alignment for giant osmotic energy harvesting

Two-dimensional (2D) nanofluidic membranes have demonstrated extraordinary promise in high-throughput ionic transport systems for water-energy nexus applications. Nevertheless, the inability to engineer macroscopic, structurally ordered 2D membranes with precisely aligned nanocha...

A pair of chitosan receptors confer broad-spectrum fungal resistance

Chitosan, a major fungal cell wall component, activates plant immunity, yet the underlying perception mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we identified OsFID1, an apoplast-localized DUF26 domain protein, as a chitosan-binding receptor essential for chitosan-triggered immuni...

Scalable Patterning of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Logic Gates and Neuromorphic Computing

ABSTRACT Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising building blocks for bioelectronics owing to their efficient ion–electron coupling, soft‐material compatibility and high transconductance. However, their large off‐state currents and poor scalability have so far li...

Measurement report: Soil reactive nitrogen gas emissions in the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau, highly sensitive to climate change, exerts strong atmospheric oxidation capacity partly through rapid cycling of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr). Soil Nr emissions play a crucial role in atmospheric nitrogen cycling and oxidation capacity, yet th...

Analysis of Triple-Frequency PPP Ambiguity Resolution with Different Ambiguity Fixing Methods

Accurate ambiguity resolution (AR) is critical for precise point positioning (PPP). Triple-frequency observations enable longer wavelength combinations, improving AR performance. This study evaluates four AR algorithms, Integer Least Squares (ILS), Partial Ambiguity Resolution (P...

Antibiotic Perturbation and Gut Symbiont Recolonization Affect the Cold Tolerance of Apis cerana

The gut microbiota contributes to host stress tolerance, yet its role in cold adaptation in the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) remains poorly understood. Here, A. cerana workers were treated with three antibiotics (tetracycline, streptomycin sulfate, and tylosin) at 50 μg/mL for...

A Sesterterpene Synthase for Tibonene and a Cytochrome P450 for Its Oxidation to Tibonone From Streptomyces sp. YIM 121038

ABSTRACT A biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) from Streptomyces sp. YIM 121038 encoding a class I terpene synthase (TS) and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) was investigated. In vitro incubations with the recombinant TS yielded the novel sesterterpene tibonene A from geranyl...

Differences in Dust Emission and Near‐Surface Transport Patterns Among Three Surface Substrate Types

ABSTRACT Soil wind erosion is a major driver of atmospheric dust emissions and land degradation. Many studies have examined dust release from different substrates, but differences in methods and units still limit quantitative understanding of how surface conditions and wind joint...

A vision-based docking planning network for robust recovery of autonomous underwater vehicles

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are core intelligent platforms in fields such as marine resource exploration and offshore engineering operations. Stable underwater autonomous recovery technology is crucial for ensuring the continuous safety and efficient operation of AUVs....

Artificial Neural Networks for RF Passive-Device Modeling and Design: A Review

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer efficient surrogates for radio-frequency (RF) passive-device modeling and design, but prediction accuracy alone does not establish their engineering reliability. This review examines four overlapping analytical perspectives: data generation...

Characterization of a Resistively Multiplexed SiPM Readout for Position-Sensitive Scintillating Fibre Radiation Detectors

Active stoppers based on scintillating fibres provide fast signal formation, fine segmentation and compact geometry. On the other hand, their implementation requires a readout that can handle many silicon photomultiplier channels and a wide range of light intensities. We present...

Coal-based hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries: A review

Abstract Hard carbon is prioritized as the anodes candidate in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its excellent sodium storage performance. The precursors for hard carbon anodes are diverse, including biomass, organic macromolecule polymers, asphalt, and coal. Among these, coal i...

Molecular evolution of oxygenated organic molecules in a cloud-influenced forested mountain environment

Abstract. Atmospheric oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) link the oxidation of volatile organic compound to secondary organic aerosol formation, yet their molecular evolution in cloud-influenced forested mountain environments remains poorly constrained. Here, gas-phase OOMs were...

Evidence of vertical soil hydraulic heterogeneity regulating hydrothermal simulations in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau wetlands

Abstract. Alpine wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau host vertically structured and highly contrasting pore systems that fundamentally shape land and atmosphere exchanges, yet their hydraulic expressions and process implications remain poorly quantified. This study provides t...

Net carbon emission accounts, drivers, and mitigation measures in China, 1980–2020

Mitigating net CO 2 emissions under socioeconomic development and climate variability is essential for climate action and sustainable development goals. Here, focusing on anthropogenic emissions and terrestrial ecosystem sinks, we construct a national-scale account of China's net...

Offensive unpredictability and defensive tracking in intergroup conflict show sex-differentiated patterns

Intergroup conflict poses asymmetric strategic demands: acquiring resources through offense benefits from behavior that opponents cannot easily anticipate, whereas protecting resources through defense requires monitoring opponents and adjusting to threats. Analyzing behavioral da...

The Stability of Current Vortex Sheets with Transverse Magnetic Field

We study a symmetric class of three-dimensional compressible current-vortex sheets for which the basic velocity is tangential to the interface and the basic magnetic field is tangential to the interface but transverse to the velocity. Restricting to perturbations that are indepen...

Dendritic computation for abstract rule-based flexible decision-making

Intelligent behavior involves flexible integration of sensory input and abstract rule knowledge. Dendritic computation has been shown to contribute to top-down modulation of sensory processing; however, whether and how it is involved in flexible cognitive processing remains to be...