Chinese Academy of Sciences

A Review of Neural Question Generation: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions

The goal of question generation is to automatically produce relevant and meaningful questions from diverse inputs such as knowledge bases, natural language texts, and images. With the rapid advancement of neural architectures, neural question generation (NQG) has attracted growin...

A Comparative Study of Machine-Learning Methods for Early Classification from Sparse Astronomical Light Curves

The booming data volume of modern time-domain surveys demands fast, robust early classification of sparsely sampled light curves, as newly discovered transients typically have only a handful of observations. We compare classifiers for extremely sparse light curves (3–30 observati...

Investigation of Position-Dependent Signal Propagation Delay in Large-Pitch AC-LGAD Using a Two-Dimensional Transmission-Line Model

This paper presents a study of position-dependent signal propagation delay in large-pitch pixelated AC-coupled Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (AC-LGADs). In AC-LGADs, a continuous resistive N+ layer and segmented AC-coupled readout electrodes enable charge sharing and simultaneous...

Reconfigurable phase in manganese nitride thin films by nitrogen stoichiometry

Transition-metal nitrides exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and diverse physical properties, making them promising for GaN-based semiconductors, quantum bits, and spintronic applications. However, precise and reversible control of nitrogen stoichiomet...

Simultaneous adjustment of accelerator alignment reference networks based on the classical stochastic model

Simultaneous adjustment is a critical technique for constructing high-precision accelerator alignment reference networks, which integrates measurements from multiple laser trackers. To address the specialized stochastic model used by the Unified Spatial Metrology Network (USMN) i...

Bio-Inspired Phase-Aware Skill Graph for Robust Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation with Promptable Control

Long-horizon robotic manipulation requires coordinating multiple motor primitives under uncertainty, especially in contact-rich and changing environments. Existing end-to-end visuomotor policies often lack explicit temporal structure, causing brittle execution and limited recover...

Integrative GWAS, eQTL, and functional validation identify ZNF280B as a key regulator of growth and carcass traits in Hu sheep

Abstract Hu sheep are a well-known Chinese dual-purpose breed valued for meat production, early sexual maturity, high prolificacy, and adaptability to hot, humid environments. In this study, we combined whole-genome sequencing, GWAS, and eQTL analyses to investigate the genetic b...

Systemic reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus underlies acclimation to nitrogen starvation across leaf ages in barley

Nitrogen (N) deficiency severely constrains global crop productivity, yet acclimation strategies in cereals remain incompletely understood. Hydroponically grown barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) plants were subjected to N starvation for 14 days. Photosynthetic properties were monitored...

J-PAS: Semisupervised Sim-to-Obs Transfer for Robust Star–Galaxy–Quasar Classification

Abstract Modern astrophysics and cosmology increasingly rely on simulations and cross-survey analyses, yet differences in instrumentation, calibration, and modeling introduce distribution mismatches between simulated and observed datasets (domain shift). This occurs when the join...

Immunomodulatory, Antibacterial, Antioxidative and EGF‐Delivering Hydrogel Remodels Wound Microenvironment for Infected Diabetic Wound Healing

ABSTRACT The treatment of diabetic wounds remains a major challenge due to persistent bacterial infections, chronic inflammation, and impaired angiogenesis. To address these issues, we develop an immunomodulatory and antibacterial hydrogel integrating epidermal growth factor (EGF...

AI4AI Survey: From Long-Horizon Agents to Recursive Self-Improvement — Definitions, Reliable Horizons, and Open Problems

Can AI improve AI? AI agents can now run experiments, modify code and training pipelines, and iteratively improve AI artifacts. Yet the literature remains fragmented across long-horizon agents, AI for AI (AI4AI), self-improvement, and recursive self-improvement, making it difficu...

A Change-Point-Based Deformation Grouping Strategy in Long-Term Near-Real-Time Deformation Monitoring

Distributed Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DSInSAR) technology has been widely applied in areas with complex terrain and dense vegetation. However, DSInSAR is computationally intensive and requires considerable processing time. When new observations become av...

Spatiotemporal Deep Learning for Continuous Illumination Mapping and Sun-Synchronous Path Planning in Lunar Polar Exploration Under Chang’E-7 Mission Constraints

The lunar south polar region’s extreme illumination conditions impose strict energy constraints for solar-powered rover operations. Traditional Sun-synchronous path planning relies on dynamic time-dependent illumination evaluation, leading to high computational costs. We present...

Optimizing soil moisture-triggered automated irrigation and nitrogen management in wheat–maize systems using RZWQM2

Climate change and water scarcity are major challenges to sustainable agriculture and crop productivity, especially with increasing global food demand around 70% by 2050. Excessive water and nitrogen use in agriculture accelerates environmental degradation and decreases crop wate...

A Dual-Factor-Driven Temporal Network for Pixel-Level NDVI Prediction in the Hulunbuir Grassland

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an important remote sensing indicator for characterizing vegetation growth status and ecosystem changes. Improving NDVI prediction accuracy is of great significance for regional ecological monitoring and conservation. However, exis...

Increased maximum carbon release offsets half of the growth trend in annual land carbon sink

The terrestrial carbon sink has strengthened in recent decades through enhanced maximum CO2 uptake (MCU) and a longer carbon uptake period (CUP), whereas maximum CO2 release (MCR) remains less quantified. Using atmospheric inversion estimates and 16 terrestrial biosphere models,...

Diagnosing year-round ozone-relevant VOC reactivity under meteorological constraints in urban Beijing

Abstract Static volatile organic compound (VOC) rankings can identify abundant or reactive compounds, but their ozone relevance depends on the meteorological and photochemical state during ozone production. Here we combine yearlong hourly observations of speciated VOCs in urban B...

Spectrally Partitioned All-Optical Memristors for Highly Linear Neuromorphic Vision Systems

Abstract All-optical control of synaptic weights offers a promising route toward low-power and massively parallel neuromorphic hardware. However, existing optoelectronic memristors often require electrical assistance or exhibit nonlinear and asymmetric conductance updates, limiti...

Resolving systematic errors in sulfate source apportionment: a field-validated kinetic isotope fractionation framework

Abstract. Sulfates are critical constituents of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that significantly influence air quality and climate dynamics. While stable isotope fractionation analysis is a powerful tool for tracing atmospheric sulfate formation mechanisms, conventi...

Unraveling the dual interaction patterns of land use intensity on carbon balance: spatial heterogeneity and drivers in a transitional region of China

Abstract Under China’s “Dual Carbon” goals, accurate assessment of regional carbon balance is of critical importance. Land use acts as a core factor governing carbon balance. However, the differentiated effects of land use intensity (LUI)—a comprehensive indicator quantifying hum...