Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cloud‐Native and Distributed Systems for Efficient and Scalable Large Language Models—A Research Agenda

ABSTRACT Objective Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming artificial intelligence applications, but their unprecedented computational, memory, communication, and data‐management demands pose significant challenges to existing computing infrastructures. Traditional...

SDFNet: Semantic Driven Frequency-Domain Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Network

Infrared and visible image fusion aims to integrate complementary thermal target information and visible structural details for multimodal perception and remote sensing applications. However, existing deep learning methods often underutilize semantic information during fusion and...

Evaluation of turbulent flux parameterizations over a continental glacier on the Tibetan Plateau

A lack of observations of turbulent fluxes over continental glaciers limits our understanding of the mechanisms that control glacier variations and associated water resource changes across the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of turbulent fl...

Geochemical responses of mineral powder materials and natural rock cores to H2-water exposure in underground hydrogen storage

Geochemical interactions among H 2 , water, and subsurface minerals may affect the integrity of underground hydrogen storage (UHS). Five mineral-enriched powders and one cement material were exposed to H 2 gas, He-water, and H 2 -water for 30 days at 120 °C and 10 MPa. Sandstone,...

Turnkey Soliton Microcombs via Self‐Injection Locking in Dual‐Coupled and Interferometric Microring Systems

ABSTRACT This study systematically investigates, via numerical simulations, the self‐injection locking (SIL) characteristics of dual‐ring coupled cavity systems and interferometric microring systems. For the dual‐ring system, we show that the SIL region on the tuning curve splits...

Assessment of Cropland Abandonment and Vegetation Recovery on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Cropland abandonment alters agricultural land use and may enable improvements in vegetation cover. On the Chinese Loess Plateau, the extent and spatial variation of these changes remain critical questions for land management. This study used annual land-cover trajectories to iden...

Bone-targeting engineered exosomes delivering teriparatide mRNA for the treatment of osteoporosis

Introduction Teriparatide (TPTD) is an established osteoanabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis; however, its short circulating half-life necessitates repeated administration, while limited skeletal selectivity may reduce delivery efficiency. To address these limitations...

Incorporating Mg into Al-based supports to modulate metal-support interactions for enhanced H2 productivity and selectivity in Ni-catalyzed aqueous-phase reforming

Aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of biomass-derived oxygenates provides a sustainable route for hydrogen production. Owing to their multifunctionality, Ni-based catalysts have been widely studied; however, these catalysts are still limited by methanation side reaction that decreases...

Schizophrenia research in 2026: report from the annual meeting of the Schizophrenia International Research Society

Abstract SIRS 2026, held under the theme “Schizophrenia Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence,” brought together researchers, clinicians, and persons with lived experience to take stock of a field whose tools for measuring, predicting, and intervening in psychosis have e...

Cross-Resolution Fusion of AlphaEarth Foundations Embeddings and GF-1 Imagery via Semantic Anchor-Graph Enhancement for Litchi Orchard Extraction

Litchi is an important cash crop in China. Accurate litchi orchard extraction is crucial for agricultural management and economic development. However, litchi orchards are spectrally very similar to evergreen broad-leaved forests and are poorly resolved in medium- and low-resolut...

Accelerated Zeolite Defect Healing Suppresses Oxygen-Containing Species Trapping for Tandem Propene Epoxidation

Abstract Selective oxidation of chemical feedstocks with in situ-generated H2O2 offers a sustainable route to high-value oxygenates, yet such tandem catalysis is often fundamentally limited by the trapping of oxygen-containing species, including H2O2-derived intermediates and oxy...

Nitrogen deposition does not alter the temperate forest soil carbon pool: A 14-y experiment on varied nitrogen fertilization

Soil carbon (C) pools in nitrogen-limited temperate forests are critical to the global C cycle, but there are no long-term experiments examining soil C, with various nitrogen (N) forms. Here, a 14-y experiment (100 kg N ha −1 y −1 ), with added N simulating atmospheric deposition...

Decoupling Carrier Concentration and Mobility in Hot-Extruded n-Type Bismuth Telluride for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance

Abstract Bi2Te3-based materials have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent thermoelectric performance at room temperature. However, the pulverization process during fabrication tends to introduce the donor-like effect, which significantly increases the carrier c...

Helium migration patterns in the ultra-deep reservoirs of the Anyue gas field

The Sinian–Cambrian reservoirs in the Anyue gas field contain over one trillion cubic meters of natural gas. These reservoirs are close to basement helium sources and have well-developed ancient formation water as a potential carrier. However, despite these favorable conditions,...

How do multidimensional land use conflicts shape rural multifunctionality? An empirical study of the Yangtze River Delta from a conflict–coordination perspective

In the context of urban–rural integration, how multidimensional land use conflict (LUC) differentially shapes rural multifunctionality is a key question for sustainable rural development. Existing studies, however, have largely treated the two independently, with limited systemat...

Metasurface-Enhanced Sensing Platforms for Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Monitoring: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

The growing demand for sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of trace analytes in complex matrices is driving the development of compact optical sensing platforms. Metasurfaces can strengthen light–matter interactions through subwavelength field confinement and resonance engi...

Linking molecular composition of organic aerosols to reactive oxygen species formation using an MCR-VK framework

Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) is widely implicated in adverse health effects, yet the molecular determinants of particle-level ROS formation remain poorly constrained, largely due to the chemical complexity of organi...

Dual Nd isotopic archives in fossil teeth reveal bottom-current control of rare-earth element enrichment in deep-sea sediments

The global emergence of deep-sea sediments enriched in rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY) after the Late Eocene cooling coincides spatiotemporally with Antarctic bottom water (AABW) expansion, yet the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we present in situ elemental...

Abrupt permafrost thaw overwhelms vegetation-driven erosion reduction in sediment export on the Tibetan Plateau

Vegetation greening and abrupt permafrost thaw are reshaping sediment dynamics across the Tibetan Plateau, yet their relative effects on sediment delivery remain poorly quantified. Here we show that retrogressive thaw slumps are disproportionately important sediment sources, with...

Characterization of a Resistively Multiplexed SiPM Readout for Position-Sensitive Scintillating Fibre Radiation Detectors

Active stoppers based on scintillating fibres provide fast signal formation, fine segmentation and compact geometry. On the other hand, their implementation requires a readout that can handle many silicon photomultiplier channels and a wide range of light intensities. We present...