University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Changes in Alcohol Use Among Adults with Cancer Participating in the ECOG-ACRIN EAQ171CD Tobacco Treatment Trial

Abstract Background: Alcohol and tobacco use are known carcinogens. Treating alcohol and tobacco co-use can improve treatment and survivorship outcomes among patients diagnosed with cancer. Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of ECOG-ACRIN EAQ171CD trial participants within...

Neighborhood Contemporary Redlining and Racial Mortgage Lending Bias and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated neighborhood structural inequities are associated with cardiovascular outcomes among breast cancer survivors. We investigated the associations between bias in mortgage lending practices (contemporary redlining and racial lending bias) and car...

Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy for Feeding and Swallowing in Children From Four to 12 Years: What Does the Evidence Show? A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Background Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT), a subtype of oral motor therapy, applies neuromuscular re‐education techniques to address orofacial myofunctional disorders impacting breathing, sleeping, speaking, eating and swallowing due to atypical orofacial muscle f...

Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Tumors: Forces Beyond Fibroblasts

Aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in tumors is characterized by altered deposition, enzymatic cross-linking, degradation, and organization of matrix molecules that in turn can contribute directly to tumor invasiveness, immune evasion, and resistance to therapy. Tradi...

Pediatric Respiratory Failure and Support With Prolonged Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Multicenter Cohort Using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry, 1989–2021

OBJECTIVES: To characterize outcomes in children supported with 14 days or more of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory indications. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry. SETTING: ECMO centers contrib...

Dissociable neural correlates of tonic and phasic irritability during reward processing in young children

Background Irritability is a common and impairing feature of childhood psychopathology and is increasingly conceptualized as comprising tonic (persistent irritable mood) and phasic (reactive temper outbursts) components. Although these dimensions show partially distinct behaviora...

Toward a paradigm of protection through research: Earlier and more ethical inclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in clinical trials

In its recent statement, the British Pharmacological Society has joined a global movement urging that pregnant and breastfeeding women should be protected not from research, but through it. Advancing this agenda marks a paradigm shift , emphasizing both the importance of the BPS...

Development of a Computational Histology Artificial Intelligence-Powered Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas

Background: Risk stratification in colorectal cancer (CRC) plays an important role in treatment decision-making. As such, prognostic biomarkers that can augment risk stratification have clinical value. Quantitative histologic features from routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stai...

A Mixed-Method Approach to Exploring the Role of Strategic Internal Communication in Fostering Employee Passion at Work

This mixed-method study explores how strategic internal communication in the organization can foster employee passion at work. Drawing on interviews with 23 internal communication leaders and a national survey of 1,014 full-time U.S. employees, the study identifies key communicat...

Religiosity and the Pathway to an Ongoing Nonmarital Penile–Vaginal Sexual Relationship During the Transition to Adulthood

ABSTRACT Studies of religion and nonmarital sexual behavior often focus on the timing of sexual debut and the number of sexual partners during adolescence, limiting understanding of how religion shapes subsequent pathways into and through romantic and sexual relationships during...

Do coupled population, economic, and land use dynamics explain household energy transitions in Malawi?

In sub-Saharan Africa, population growth coupled with weak or missing markets for clean energy means that the absolute number of people relying on woodfuels for cooking is growing. Charcoal, which has distinctly different environmental and economic implications from firewood, has...

Vaping and smoking in individuals with eating disorders: associations with diagnoses and behaviors

Abstract Background Smoking commonly co-occurs with eating disorders (EDs) but less is known about the relationship between EDs and vaping. We investigated associations of lifetime vaping and smoking as forms of nicotine use with lifetime ED diagnoses (i.e., anorexia nervosa [AN]...

Incidence and risks of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes in the LABOR study, a prospective intrapartum cohort in four tertiary referral centers in Ghana, India, and Zambia

Abstract Background Globally, more than two million perinatal deaths occur annually attributable to the intrapartum period, the vast majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to ascertain the incidence of adverse neonatal intrapartum-related outcom...

Patterns of sleep duration, quality, and midpoint across pregnancy in a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract Background Sleep health is a critical component of maternal well-being, and poor sleep during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal-fetal and cardiometabolic outcomes. Although sleep across pregnancy has been examined in several longitudinal studies, fewer studie...

Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis

Background: Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard restorative procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis requiring colectomy. Although robotic-assisted surgery has gained increasing acceptance in colorectal surgery, its role in IPAA remains uncertain. Methods: A...

Recovering elastic subdomains with strain-gradient elastic interfaces from force measurements: the antiplane shear setting

Abstract We introduce and study a new inverse problem for antiplane shear in elastic bodies with strain-gradient interfaces. The setting is a homogeneous isotropic elastic body containing an inclusion separated by a thin interface endowed with higher-order surface energy. Using d...

Designing Social Media Health Warnings for Teenagers and Young Adults

Importance Social media use is nearly ubiquitous among US teenagers and young adults and has been associated with increased risk for negative health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. Policymakers in several states have proposed or adopted policies requiring warnings on soc...

Income Inequality Depresses Support for Higher Minimum Wages

The minimum wage can be an effective policy tool for mitigating economic inequality, but public demand for higher minimum wages has not kept up with rising levels of income disparities. In our first study using protest attendance data over a six-and-a-half-year period in the Unit...

Technology fatigue, cognitive load, and clinician well-being in modern anesthesia practice

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Medical devices like physiologic monitors, anesthesia machines, and ventilators, are designed by biomedical engineers but used by clinicians. Advanced medical technology can be incorporated into clinical practice safely, but addressing alarm fatigue, resilience...

A Biomechanical Analysis of Intramedullary Threaded Nail Fixation and Dorsal Plate and Screw Fixation for Metacarpal Base Fractures

Purpose The biomechanics of surgically treated metacarpal base fractures are poorly described. We hypothesized that intramedullary threaded nail (IMTN) fixation and dorsal plate and screw (DPS) fixation would perform similarly in multiple fracture locations approaching the metaca...