University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Convergent Validity of Two Implicit Racial Bias Measures for Individuals and Contexts

Correlations among implicit measures of racial bias tend to be weak, raising questions about their validity. Weak individual-level correlations, however, could reflect a temporally unstable construct. According to the Bias of Crowds model, implicit bias can be fleeting for indivi...

Prenatal Water Fluoride Exposure and Children’s Behavioral Problems

Importance Although fluoride exposure at high levels during the perinatal period has been associated with socioemotional problems among children, there is limited evidence regarding potential associations at lower levels of fluoride exposure, particularly in the US. Objective To...

Prognostic value of liver histology in steatotic liver disease: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Aim: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are progressive liver conditions that can lead to serious long-term outcomes and adverse clinical events. Histologic liver fibrosis is an accepted short-term surrogate end point used...

Barriers and Enablers Influencing Adherence to ERAS Protocols in Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Scoping Review

Background/Objective: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a global surgical quality improvement initiative that aims to improve perioperative care based on evidence-based interventions. Although ERAS protocols in gastrointestinal (GI) surgery result in improved patient outc...

Reproducibility, Replicability, and Research Quality in Homogeneous Catalysis

Abstract Researchers from all sectors of homogeneous catalysis convened in response to concerns regarding reproducibility in science to analyze the issue and provide recommendations. In addition to an in-person workshop, the group engaged the broader homogeneous catalysis communi...

Varying Cancer Drug Doses to Balance Tumor Control and Resistance Evolution

The effectiveness of any cancer therapy depends on its dose and its treatment schedule. A potential third dimension of regimen design is whether intentional fluctuations in administered dose might improve treatment outcomes. In this issue, West and colleagues demonstrate that dos...

International Society of Urological Pathology Multidisciplinary Expert Consultation Conference on Evaluation of Treatment Effects in Prostate and Bladder Cancer

Treatment effects in the urinary bladder are variable and range from localized post-transurethral resection changes to widespread systemic therapy effects. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) organized a consensus meeting in Vienna, Austria, in September 2025...

Attomolar Detection of HIV‐1 With Label‐Free RCA‐rCRISPR on Smartphone

ABSTRACT HIV remains a major global public health challenge, causing 42.3 million deaths since its discovery in the early 1980s. Despite progress in prevention and treatment, around 60% of people with HIV (PWH) remain undiagnosed in resource‐limited regions due to the lack of ine...

Representation and Educational Content of Spine Surgery in Operative Videos: A 10-Year Journal-Based Analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Video-driven education offers a powerful tool for illustrating intricate techniques and critical anatomic insights for surgical residents. Surgical procedures of the spine require a wide field of view, making their capture difficult. The objective of th...

Development of adjuvanted HIV vaccines tailored for early life: immunologic rationale, clinical experience, and future directions

Purpose of review This review highlights the rationale for and clinical experience in advancing age-specific adjuvantation systems to develop well tolerated and effective pediatric HIV vaccines. Recent findings Due to both cellular and soluble factors, infant immunity is distinct...

Alcohol and substance-induced disorder treatment cases in mental health and addiction treatment facilities from 2013 to 2022: A descriptive study

Substance use disorders may arise when individuals use substances to cope with adverse mental health symptoms. Conversely, mental health symptoms can develop because of substance use, a category of conditions called substance-induced disorders. This study used two United States-b...

Beyond poverty reduction: heterogeneous effects of intimate partner violence on reproductive decision-making in communities with social protection in Northern Ghana

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a major public health concern and can constrain women’s reproductive autonomy and reproductive health. Rural women who experience IPV face increased risks of trauma, sexually transmitted infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and may h...

Characteristics of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Anorexia Nervosa: Comprehensive Risk Evaluation for Anorexia Nervosa in Twins (CREAT) Study

ABSTRACT Objective To characterise the clinical and phenotypic profile of the Comprehensive Risk Evaluation for Anorexia nervosa in Twins (CREAT) cohort, identify candidate risk and illness‐related correlates of AN, and establish a foundation for forthcoming biological, neuroimag...

Peroneal Muscle Size and Quality Changes after Impairment-Based Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability

Background Peroneal muscles are the primary stabilizers against ankle inversion movements associated with lateral ankle sprains. Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate peroneal muscle deficits including decreased strength, slower nerve conduction velocity, a...

Early Check: The First 5 Years

Evidence of net benefit and feasibility of implementation is necessary for a health condition to become part of routine newborn screening. But acquiring data to support informed decision-making is difficult without a nimble and coordinated research capacity grounded in public hea...

Family planning self-care: From global frameworks to local meaning, perceptions, experiences and opportunities in Niger

Abstract Family planning (FP) self-care is a strategic pillar for advancing Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and mitigating health workforce shortages. However, a significant disconnect persists between global normative frameworks and local implementation realities. This study exa...

The human cytomegalovirus vGPCR UL33 is essential for efficient lytic replication in epithelial cells

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus that is ubiquitous in the human population. HCMV has the largest genome of the human herpesviruses and encodes an array of genes that affect pathogenesis in different cell types. Given the ability of HCMV to replicate in a...

Supervision best practices to train and retain the early career behavioral health workforce: a scoping review and expert interviews

The U.S. behavioral health system is experiencing critical workforce shortages. Early career behavioral health clinicians (ECBHCs)—professionals with master’s or doctoral degrees and one to three years post-graduate experience—face unique challenges in obtaining required supervis...

The shifting landscape of brain-wide myelination across the human lifespan

Abstract Despite the central role of myelination in brain function and plasticity, its characterization remains fragmented, with existing studies typically constrained either spatially, by focusing on selected brain structures, or temporally, by covering only limited age ranges....

Neural tracking of surprisal in Spanish-English bilingual children during naturalistic heritage language listening

Our understanding of the neurobiology of language development is imprecise, particularly for bilingual children in their heritage language, since much research focuses on monolingual children or societal majority languages. In this study, we use a novel computational approach wit...