University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Single-Port Versus Multiport Robotic Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Single-port (SP) robotic surgery has emerged as a reduced-access alternative to conventional multiport (MP) robotic colorectal surgery. However, its comparative perioperative benefits remain uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared outcomes between...

NavDx (ctHPVDNA) recurrence detection in surgically treated human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Human papillomavirus (HPV+)-positivity in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a favorable prognostic indicator though 10–25% of patients will experience progressive disease within 3 years of treatment. This project assesses the validity of circulating tumor HPV DNA (...

Flooding-driven sanitation failure and enteric disease risk in urban informal settlements: Cholera as an illustrative case for climate-resilient sanitation in low- and middle-income countries

Climate change is intensifying rainfall extremes and urban flooding, amplifying public health risks in settings with fragile sanitation and drainage systems. In dense urban informal settlements, floods can overwhelm onsite sanitation and fecal sludge management systems, causing p...

Genome wide transcriptional changes underlie gradual and recurrent adaptation to protein malnutrition in zebrafish

Lysosome-rich enterocytes (LREs) are a specialized population of intestinal cells that mediate the uptake and absorption of dietary proteins in fish and neonatal mammals. Loss of LRE function causes inhibited growth and poor survival due to protein malnutrition. Previously, we re...

Rehabilitative and Conditioning Exercises That Selectively Activate Individual Lower Extremity Muscles: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT: Resistance training - the process of progressively overloading muscle fibers - is fundamental to muscle hypertrophy. People may benefit from intentional exercise prescription targeting selective muscle activation. There is a lack of synthesized literature on exercises ta...

Two species of Aedes show altitudinal variation in temperature preference in the islands of the Gulf of Guinea

Temperature preference is a vector trait that influences microhabitat selection and can have important implications for vector species, as it may affect how often vectors encounter hosts. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are disease vectors whose geographic ranges continue to exp...

Uniqueness of the mobility edge for Lévy matrices

We prove that the mobility edge equation introduced by Tarquini, Biroli, and Tarzia for Lévy matrices has a unique positive solution for every tail exponent $\alpha\in(0,1)$. Combined with a previous result by Aggarwal, Bordenave, and the author, this establishes for every $\alph...

Validation of Parent‐Report Questionnaires for Large‐Scale Online Screening of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Children and Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective Studies assessing the validity of screening measures for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) remain scarce. We evaluated the diagnostic performance and validity of an online, parent‐reported screening approach for ARFID in a population‐based sampl...

Critical first passage percolation on random graphs

In 1999, Zhang proved that for first passage percolation on the square lattice Z2 with i.i.d. nonnegative passage times on each edge, if the probability that an edge has zero passage time is exactly 1/2 (the critical threshold for bond percolation on Z2), then the passage time fr...

Modeling psychological processes in tinnitus disorder: Comparison of quantitative methods

Tinnitus is a common experience, and a minority of people experience severe distress related to their tinnitus. Studies of the contribution of psychological factors are often small and replications are rare. Here we examined adults ( N = 125) with tinnitus distress who responded...

Breast cancer therapy associated changes in thoracic aortic distensibility in those with or without hypertension (UPBEAT WF-97415)

Aortic stiffness or reduced distensibility may contribute to adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction and stroke. This study assessed changes in thoracic ascending aortic distensibility (AAD) in breast cancer (BC) patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic ch...

“Already outdated and still under review”: mapping the landscape of research on adolescent development and AI chatbot use

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly embedded in adolescents’ daily lives, yet developmental science research struggles to keep pace with adoption. This mixed-methods study gathered developmental expert perspectives via a survey ( n = 141 researchers studying yo...

Simulated reductions in heterogeneous isoprene epoxydiol reactive uptake from aerosol morphology in the contiguous United States using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQv5.3.2)

Aerosol particles contain complex mixtures of polar and non-polar species that can undergo organic-inorganic phase separation. In phase-separated aerosol particles, the phase state of the outer organic coating can modulate heterogeneous chemistry. Heterogeneous chemistry leading...

Rolling Stone and the Rise of Hip Capitalism

When Pete Townshend wrote “Who Are You,” he composed a song about a search for identity, about losing and finding yourself. The classic Who track is a self-reflective journey.The story of the first...

“…If the Doctor Didn't Suggest it, Then I Would Probably Push the Idea Farther in My Head.”: Centering the Diverse Voices of Black Women to Understand PrEP Awareness and Access in the United States South

CONTEXT: In Atlanta, Georgia Black women account for most of new HIV diagnoses among women and 30% of Black women may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Yet their PrEP knowledge, awareness, and access are low. METHODS: This study centers the voices of an economically d...

SN 2024iss: A Multiwavelength Exposé of a Type IIb Supernova with an Early-time Ultraviolet Spectrum and Shock-breakout Constraints

Abstract We present multiwavelength observations and analysis of SN 2024iss, a Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) located at ∼14 Mpc. The first Zwicky Transient Facility detection of SN 2024iss is ∼40 minutes after first light (one of the earliest detections of a SN IIb to date) and a H...

Randomized phase II trial of liposomal cytarabine and daunorubicin with or without pomalidomide in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia myelodysplasia-related

Not available.

Pheromone circuits and transcriptional cascades modulating transcriptional and chromatin states in the Drosophila central brain with social experience

Abstract Social experience significantly influences the behavioral and physiological responses of animals, including humans. In many animals, social isolation increases aggression, courtship, locomotion, and feeding while disrupting sleep. This occurs when peripheral neurons dete...

Toeplitz matrix formulation of polymer physics: From single chain statistics to liquid-crystalline order

We develop a Toeplitz matrix formulation of polymer statistics that provides a unified, analytically tractable description of flexible and semiflexible chains. Bond-vector correlations are encoded in a Toeplitz matrix, with a single parameter controlling the decay of orientationa...

Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on weight change among people with HIV: a real-world longitudinal cohort study

Obesity is common among people with HIV (PWH), yet evidence on weight loss with newer antidiabetic medications in this population is limited. We compared bodyweight change associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2)...