University of California, San Francisco

Developing interactive learning interfaces for teaching AI in health professions education using generative AI tools

Health professions education (HPE) must now equip students to use artificial intelligence (AI) tools safely. We offer an instructional design strategy for HPE educators aiming to teach fundamental AI concepts to non-technical audiences: using generative AI to rapidly create inter...

Heterogeneous human muscle fibroadipogenic progenitors include a DLK1 + subpopulation that prevents fatty infiltration after injury

Fatty infiltration and fibrosis drive poor outcomes after chronic muscle injury. Here, we characterized fibroadipogenic progenitor cell (FAP) subpopulations from healthy and injured human rotator cuff muscle by single-cell RNA sequencing, full-spectrum flow cytometry, and functio...

Assessing acuity in pediatric emergency department triage: performance of a large language model

Pediatric triage performance varies across emergency departments (ED), contributing to ongoing challenges in pediatric emergency care. There is growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to support more consistent triage decision-making in children. We evaluated an LL...

Human spinal interneurons repair the injured rat spinal cord through synaptic integration

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in irreversible disruption of motor, sensory, and autonomic circuits with no approved reparative treatment to restore lost function. Endogenous V2a spinal interneurons (SpINs) have been implicated as a key component in recovery post-SCI, but the i...

Papillary Hyperplasia in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Renal cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) frequently harbor small intracystic epithelial proliferations that arise in continuity with the cyst lining and are distinct from other recognized proliferative lesions or well-defined renal tumors and lack a for...

Characterizing neonatal survival across the first four years of operation of a special care baby unit in Eastern Sierra Leone

Abstract Background The recent establishment of Special Care Baby Units (SCBUs) across regional hospitals in rural Sierra Leone is an important advancement in health system infrastructure promoting high-quality perinatal care. However, there is little evidence documenting their i...

Cost-Effectiveness of Endovascular vs Open Surgery for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

Importance: Choosing between endovascular and open (bypass) surgical revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia has major implications for clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of endovascular vs bypass surgical revascularization. Design, S...

Vitamin B deficiency and sarcopenia: an integrated narrative review of metabolic, inflammatory, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and myokine signaling pathways

Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle disorder characterized by progressive decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, leading to frailty, disability, falls, and increased mortality. Although its pathogenesis is multifactorial, growing evidence indicates t...

Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Dynamics, Disease Progression, and Therapy Response in Multiple Sclerosis

Importance: Capturing individual multiple sclerosis (MS) progression is difficult; few studies have evaluated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in large longitudinal cohorts with independent validation. Objective: To investigate whether serum GFAP levels and treatment-relate...

Effect of time to palliative epilepsy surgery on outcomes

Abstract Objective Epilepsy duration is a modifiable risk factor in the outcome of definitive epilepsy surgery; however, an analogous effect in palliative procedures has not been shown. We reviewed the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Database data for an association between epilepsy d...

Surgical Management of Young Women with High-Risk Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy on the I-SPY2 Trial

BACKGROUND: Mastectomy rates in women with breast cancer are higher in younger women than in older women. The impact of this more extensive surgery on overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence in younger women is unknown, especially after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST...

Phenotypic divergence in rotator cuff tear and volumetric muscle loss mouse models following fibroadipogenic progenitor depletion

Aims: Fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are a group of resident muscle stem cells capable of differentiating into fibroblasts and adipocytes, contributing to intramuscular fibrotic and fatty degeneration after injury. However, FAPs are also thought to play a crucial role in musc...

Smoking cessation experiences during alcohol and cannabis treatment in substance use programmes in Catalonia: A qualitative study

Tobacco use remains disproportionately high among people receiving treatment for alcohol or cannabis use, yet it is rarely addressed in substance use services. This study explored the lived experiences of people who smoke while undergoing treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis use...

Centering Veteran expertise: advancing peer-led harm reduction in the Veterans health administration

Abstract The principle “Nothing about us without us” underscores the ethical imperative to involve people with lived and living expertise in shaping harm reduction praxis. While the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has expanded harm reduction initiatives, such a...

Male partners’ roles in women’s contraceptive decision-making in Nigeria: a secondary qualitative data analysis

Male partners can play important roles in contraceptive decisions, especially in patriarchal societies like Nigeria, where restrictive gender norms influence women’s reproductive choices. However, little has been explored about how women navigate male influences and its impact on...