University of California San Diego

Radiological Late Dental Adverse Effects Following Treatment for Paediatric Head and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of a Transatlantic Multicentre Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Objectives Rhabdomyosarcoma represents the most common paediatric soft tissue sarcoma, with 40% occurring in the head and neck region. Given that survival rates now reach 80%, minimising late adverse effects, particularly dental developmental complications, has become a...

Causal beliefs and behavioural self-evaluation in cardiac rehabilitation: a cross-national study in the United States and Japan

Abstract Background Patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) continue to face substantial residual risk of recurrent events despite optimal medical management. Beliefs about disease causation, particularly attribution to genetic versus lifestyle factors, may influen...

Discovery of Sphaeriaurantinsas Rapid-Acting Antiplasmodialswith Dual Activity in Blood and Liver Stages

Abstract The rapid emergence of resistance in the malaria-causing protozoan Plasmodium falciparum has heightened the demand for treatments with novel modes of action. Having evolved to produce a myriad of structurally diverse natural products (NPs) as defenses against soil-dwelli...

mTOR inhibition augments antitumor immune effector response by reprogramming the TP53-mutant, immune-cold HNSCC tumor microenvironment

Resistance to immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge in TP53 -mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a disease subset characterized by immune exclusion, high recurrence, and poor outcomes. Given the constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in TP...

Right hippocampal volume and attenuated psychotic symptoms distinguish subgroups of youth with common patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity

Abstract Associations between patterns of brain connectivity and brain structural features have transdiagnostic relevance to psychopathology. There is considerable evidence for disruptions to the hippocampus and temporoparietal brain systems in psychotic disorders. The present st...

Narrowband and wavelength-tuneable bright EUV–soft-X-ray harmonics for resonant imaging and spectroscopy

Abstract Ultrashort, bright, wavelength-tuneable X-ray pulses are essential for resonant imaging and spectroscopy, yet are typically available only at large-scale free-electron-laser facilities. In this study, we present an efficient tabletop technique for generating wavelength-t...

Demonstratingthe Chemoselective Lewis Acid Activityof Pyridine(Diimine) Bismuth Cations

Abstract Herein, we describe the preparation of a library of cationic bismuth(III) pyridine(diimine) compounds and the assessment of their Lewis acidity measured by their interaction with phosphine oxides, acid halides, and ketones. These bismuth compounds have acceptor number va...

Reducing Emergency Department Observation Time for Patients with Low-Risk Anaphylaxis

OBJECTIVE Historically, patients with anaphylaxis are observed for at least 4 hours after receiving epinephrine to monitor for biphasic reactions. In April 2020, the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP) released updated anaphylaxis guidelines, recommending a 1-hour obs...

Deciphering Kinetic Principles of Dual‐Anion Electrolytes for Extreme Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries

ABSTRACT Tailoring Li + solvation coordination has been recognized as a strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) under extreme fast‐charging (XFC) conditions. Beyond weakening Li + solvation, increased Li–anion pairing plays a crucial ro...

Review of Particle Physics *

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and b...

Impaired but now diagnosable: Combining analytic frameworks for incorporating symptom weighting in the classification of full‐threshold and subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract Individuals with subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience significant impairment yet face barriers to care (e.g., insurance denials and exclusion from clinical trials) due to strict Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM )–b...

Improving sepsis best practice utility and clinical acceptance using an LLM-enhanced prediction system

Early detection of sepsis is essential for reducing mortality, but diagnosis can be delayed because symptoms of sepsis are often non-specific, frequently mimic other conditions and differ between individuals. We implemented COMPOSER-LLM, an enhanced sepsis prediction system that...

Tijuana river pollution crisis: health symptoms and environmental perceptions from the Healthy Water Healthy Air Study

Untreated sewage, industrial waste, and urban runoff carried by the Tijuana River from Mexico into the U.S. has created a longstanding transboundary environmental crisis. This pollution significantly intensified in July 2024, with border community members reporting noxious odors...

Surgical Management of Young Women with High-Risk Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy on the I-SPY2 Trial

BACKGROUND: Mastectomy rates in women with breast cancer are higher in younger women than in older women. The impact of this more extensive surgery on overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence in younger women is unknown, especially after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST...

A Melanoma Transplanted in Nude Mice Has Both Host‐ and Tumor‐Derived Blood Vessel‐ and Nerve‐Like Structures

Nestin-expressing stem cells located in the bulge area of the hair follicle can give rise to multiple cell types. In the present study, we subcutaneously transplanted red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labeled SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cells into nestin-driven green fluorescent protein...

Expedited research and approval of medicines for drug-resistant bacterial infections in children.

Multidrug-resistant pathogens cause severe infections with substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates, infants and children, as they do in adults. However, the approval of therapies for multidrug-resistant infections in paediatric patients often lags years behind approval fo...

Changes in adult cannabis use patterns following retail availability in California (2017 to 2024)

Abstract Background California was among the earliest U.S. states to legalize non-medical cannabis use by adults, with retail availability beginning January 1, 2018. This study describes changes in cannabis use prevalence, frequency, and methods among adults in California from 20...

Topical Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis: What is New and the New Paradigm.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that requires a complex management strategy, which often involves multiple and diverse topicals and systemic treatment regimens. While topical steroids and more recently calcineurin inhibitors have been the mainstay t...

Real-world use of large language models for mental health in 2024

The extent to which people use general-purpose large language models (LLMs) for their mental health is unknown. Information about use patterns is important for clinicians, developers, and regulators. We surveyed U.S. adults ( n = 1871) between August and October 2024 using strati...

Machine learning analysis of the human initiator region reveals key features of different types of core promoters

The initiator (Inr) is the starting point for the transcription of many genes. Here, we generated highly predictive machine learning models of the human Inr region, and determined that the Inr is present in ∼60% of focused human promoters, identified a novel TATA-specific Inr, an...