University of California San Diego

Leviathan: fast, memory-efficient, and scalable taxonomic and pathway profiling for (pan)genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics

Functional profiling of meta-omics is essential for understanding microbial communities, yet support for custom genome-resolved reference databases is limited. We introduce Leviathan for integrated taxonomic and functional profiling at both genome and pangenome resolution. Leviat...

Acute Kidney Injury After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygen in Children: Phenotypes and Prognosis in a Single-Center Cohort, 2020–2023

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) phenotypes and major adverse kidney events at 30 days (MAKE30) after initiating extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Neonatal, pediatric and cardiac cri...

Three-year outcomes of combined surgical peripheral iridectomy, goniosynechialysis and goniotomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma: a multicentre study

Aims To assess the 3-year efficacy and safety of combined surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI), goniosynechialysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) without cataract. Methods This was a multicentre prospective observational study with ext...

Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz in Pregnancy and Postpartum with and Without First-line Tuberculosis Drugs: Results from IMPAACT P1026s

Efavirenz (EFV) pharmacokinetics (PK) may be influenced by both pregnancy-related physiological changes and concurrent treatment for drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB), and intensive 24-h EFV PK data during rifampin (RIF)/ isoniazid (INH) treatment in pregnant women living with...

Associations between substance use by type and HIV viral suppression across multiple cohorts in the US

Substance use among people with HIV (PWH) represents an important obstacle to further reductions in HIV transmission. Using data from a diverse collection of five studies including people with HIV in care and those in community cohorts, we report results for analyses of the assoc...

Bigger between-language than within-language Stroop effects in young and older deaf American Sign Language-English bilinguals

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated Stroop interference effects in young adult and older deaf American Sign Language (ASL) and English bilinguals with ASL and English stimuli. METHOD: Deaf ASL-English bilinguals (n = 108; aged 21-88) signed their responses in two computeriz...

Association of Anxiety and Depression with Mortality in Rural Nepal: A 16-Year Longitudinal Community Cohort Study

Background: Common mental health conditions are associated with increased mortality, but longitudinal evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. We aimed to examine whether baseline depression and anxiety were associated with all-cause mortality over...

Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats

Drug exposure initiated in adolescence has been associated with more severe mental health outcomes related to substance abuse and anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to compare the long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence with simil...

Seeing Is Coding: On the Effectiveness of Vision Language Models in Code Understanding

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in source code understanding, yet as software systems grow in scale, computational efficiency has become a critical bottleneck. Currently, these models rely on a text-based paradigm that treats source code as a linear...

Navigated First-Stage L1-S1 Lateral Interbody Fusion in Minimally Invasive Adult Spinal Deformity: Accuracy Rate, Surgical Time, and Technical Considerations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography (CT)-based spinal navigation improves accuracy and safety in posterior instrumentation; however, its role in multilevel lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), particularly extending to the lumbosacral junction in adult spinal deform...

Alcohol use trajectories and liver enzyme changes in adolescents with MASLD: A longitudinal multicenter cohort.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize longitudinal patterns of alcohol use and evaluate associations with liver enzyme changes in youth with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). METHODS: We analyzed 1172 children with biopsy-confirmed MASLD and longitudinal Alc...

Timing and trajectory of acute kidney injury predict mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis: A multinational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) and associated with poor outcomes, yet the prognostic implications of AKI timing and early renal trajectory remain unclear. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter cohort from the Global AlcHep...

Brain structure correlates of circulating endocannabinoids and related lipids in early adolescents

Abstract The endocannabinoid (eCB) system underlies many biological processes and is thought to be critical in adolescent brain development. However, the eCB system’s contributions to brain morphometry during adolescence remains understudied. Here we investigated cross-sectional...

Central visual field defect patterns and progression in glaucoma: a multicentre 10-year study

Background/aims To determine whether baseline central visual field defect (CVFD) distribution and archetypal 10–2 patterns are associated with subsequent central visual field (VF) progression in glaucoma. Methods This retrospective multicentre longitudinal cohort included 127 eye...

Growth of aromatic hydrocarbon dust particles in the extremely metal-poor galaxy Sextans A

The mid-infrared spectrum of star-forming, high-metallicity galaxies is dominated by emission features from aromatic and aliphatic bonds in small carbonaceous dust grains, often referred to as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In metal-poor galaxies, the abundance of PAHs...

Distinct Plasma Proteomic Signatures Distinguish MASLD From Non‐Steatotic Individuals but Not From MetALD

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent liver disease, yet accurate early detection remains challenging. A particular diagnostic obstacle is distinguishing MASLD from metabolic dysfunction and alcohol‐rel...

Association of coexisting celiac disease with macrovascular and microvascular complications in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective propensity score–matched cohort study

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasingly recognized as overlapping metabolic conditions. However, the impact of concomitant CD on diabetes-related complications and metabolic outcomes in patients with T2DM remains poorly charact...

Interconnected soil properties modulate compound hurricane-dust events that impact the Americas

Abstract In 2024, several Atlantic tropical cyclones encountered trans-Atlantic African dust, altering weather, air quality, and deposition across the Americas. Using state-of-the-art Earth system modeling, this study highlights that interconnected basic (mineralogy, texture) and...

Transport of indirect excitons and exciton mediated spin transport in a van der Waals heterostructure in magnetic fields

We studied transport of indirect excitons (IXs) and IX mediated spin transport in a MoSe2/WSe2 van der Waals heterostructure in magnetic fields up to 8 T. We observed long-range IX transport and long-range IX mediated spin transport in magnetic fields. Both IX transport and spin...

Autophagy Flux Is Remodeled Sex‐ and Cell Type‐Specifically During Human Aging, and Is Linked to Reduced Physical Function in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Autophagy is widely proposed to decline with age; however, direct evidence across human cell types remains limited. Moreover, it is unclear whether age‐associated changes in autophagy‐gene transcription are accompanied by corresponding changes in autophagic activity, and...