University of California San Diego

Identification of venues for HIV prevention interventions through overlapping HIV transmission and venue elicitation networks

BACKGROUND: Understanding the role of physical venues in HIV transmission may be advantageous for targeting HIV prevention efforts, especially among groups experiencing high HIV incidence. SETTING: Large public clinic in Mexico City, Mexico. METHODS: We analyzed data from 7,502 p...

Exploring transcriptomic and genomic latent variable correction approaches in differential expression analysis

Abstract Background Differential expression analysis is a central tool for studying the biological processes altered in human diseases via transcriptomic signatures. However, transcriptomic datasets are systematically confounded by latent variables from two distinct sources: unme...

Self‐Monitoring of Blood Pressure: A Qualitative Study From Iraqi and Syrian Refugees

Background Self‐measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring improves long‐term blood pressure (BP) outcomes, but evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of SMBP in refugee populations is limited. Refugees face high cardiovascular risk due to poorly controlled BP. Methods We r...

Hospital variation in antibiotic utilization intensity across discharge diagnostic tiers

Among 737,384 stays in Veterans Health Administration wards, antibiotic days of therapy per days present and days of antibiotic spectrum coverage per days present decreased stepwise across discharge diagnoses that always (tier 1), sometimes (2), or never require antibiotics (3)....

Cohomology of flag supervarieties and resolutions of determinantal ideals. II

We compute the coherent cohomology of the structure sheaf of complex periplectic Grassmannians. In particular, we show that it can be decomposed as a tensor product of the singular cohomology ring of a Grassmannian for either the symplectic or orthogonal group together with a sem...

Interplay between store‐operated calcium entry and mitochondrial phosphate handling modulates force and fatigue during exercise

Abstract The dynamics of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) in skeletal muscles link electrochemical activation and contractile force generation. Recent experimental data suggest that store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE), the process of extracellular Ca 2+ influx upon depletion of Ca 2+ from the...

Long-term immunoprophylaxis by TLR9 ligand mediates macrophage-ILC cross-talk against respiratory viral infection

Rapid development of host immunity is critical during the emergence of viral outbreaks when vaccines are not yet available. Here, we demonstrate that CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-schizophyllan complex (K3-SPG) induces antigen-independent, long-term protection against lethal respirato...

SUMO2 deletion changes chromatin accessibility and enhances cytotoxic T cell activation and tumor infiltration

Cytotoxic T cells [cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs)] are crucial for adaptive immunity leading to prolonged survival and potential cures for cancer. Recent clinical data have shown that pharmacological inhibition modifies the tumor microenvironment (TME) and activates CTLs, although...

Breaking the Blend: A multi-tracer kinematic decomposition method for IFS data applied to disentangling the AGN outflow and circumnuclear ring in NGC 5728 with JWST

Abstract Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of the central kiloparsecs of active galactic nuclei (AGN) reveals a mixture of spatially coincident emission from star-formation and AGN feedback exciting the interstellar medium. Disentangling these components remains a challenge, as m...

Volatile eutectics to tailor crystallization for perovskite optoelectronics

Improvements to the radiative efficiency of halide perovskite thin films are necessary to approach fundamental solar cell performance limits. We tailored perovskite crystallization by leveraging the eutectic interaction between zinc bromide and methylammonium chloride additives....

Message in a bottleneck: Nested founder effects from French Polynesia to Rapa Nui and Hawaiʻi

Founder effects can lead to strong, population-specific allele frequency differentiation, including autosomal recessive conditions. Their characterization in European-descent groups, such as the Finnish and Amish, has resulted in actionable genetic tests for each. We show that Po...

Theory-informed redesign of clinical reasoning education in the era of generative artificial intelligence

Abstract Clinical reasoning is a foundational competency that develops over the course of training and comprises two sub-components. Diagnostic reasoning classifies a patient’s condition and assigns a diagnostic label, whereas management reasoning weighs multiple defensible plans...

Using multi-trait polygenic scores to predict lithium responsiveness in patients with bipolar disorder

Background The predictive power of polygenic scores (PGSs) for lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder remains limited. Aims To enhance the prediction of lithium responsiveness by developing a multi-trait PGS (mt-PGS) combining genetic information from multiple phenotypes...

Regulatory language limits satellite-based enforcement in marine protected areas

Abstract The international community has committed to protect 30% of the ocean by 2030, and satellite monitoring can now detect industrial fishing inside marine protected areas (MPAs) at near-global scale. Yet remote detection establishes only a vessel’s identity, position, time,...

Sensory receptor expansion and neural accommodation in butterfly color vision

The evolution of complex brains required the incorporation of newly evolved neurons into existing circuits, yet the genetic and developmental mechanisms enabling their integration remain poorly understood. Butterflies expanded their color vision by adding a second R7 photorecepto...

Willingness to Participate in HIV Cure Research Among Young People Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Young people living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPLHIV) represent a unique population for HIV cure research, offering opportunities to assess interventions in a group for whom adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is particularly challenging. Understanding their perspect...

Induction Systemic Therapy Followed by Response-Adapted Consolidative Radiation in Locally Advanced Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Retrospective Case Series

Background: There exists an unmet clinical need to define definitive management strategies for patients with locally advanced non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), particularly if not amenable to surgical resection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a case series of locally advanc...

Multilevel Meta-analyses of Emotional Processing Deficits Associated with Callous-Unemotional (CU) Traits: Do They Differ by Age and Sex?

Abstract Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, defined by deficient empathy and remorse, characterize a distinct subgroup of antisocial individuals with more severe behavioral problems and unique affective profiles. Two processes implicated in the development of CU traits are hyporeac...

Statin use is associated with lower risk of open-angle glaucoma incidence and treatment escalation

Background Retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database to explore the relationship between statin use and glaucoma. Methods The open-angle glaucoma (OAG) incidence analysis consisted of individuals over 40 years of age with statin use and ophthalmological follow-up with...

Increased screw backout with non–inlay design retrograde femoral nails

Abstract Purpose To compare the rate of distal interlocking screw backout between inlay-design and non-inlay design retrograde intramedullary femoral nails in the treatment of distal femur fractures. Methods Adults with AO/OTA 33 distal femur fractures treated with a retrograde u...