University of California San Diego

Quantitative computed tomography improves prediction of survival across ILD subtypes

Background Quantitative computed tomography (CT) methods are recognized as valuable tools for risk stratification in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Data-driven textural analysis (DTA) is one such approach that correlates with worse lung function and shorter survival in...

Hepatocyte-intrinsic ER stress and NRF2 initiate primary sclerosing cholangitis, providing therapeutic insights

primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a severe liver disease that can progress to cholangiocarcinoma. Therapeutic development has been hindered by the rarity of PSC and by its poorly understood origin, which reflects incompletely defined genetic and environmental risk factors....

Longitudinal changes in gut microbiota across reproductive states in wild baboons

Background: In humans and other mammals, female reproduction is linked to extensive changes in physiology, immunity, hormones, and behavior. These changes likely shape, and may be shaped by, the composition of gut microbial communities. Characterizing the dynamics of gut microbia...

Causal beliefs and behavioural self-evaluation in cardiac rehabilitation: a cross-national study in the United States and Japan

Abstract Background Patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) continue to face substantial residual risk of recurrent events despite optimal medical management. Beliefs about disease causation, particularly attribution to genetic versus lifestyle factors, may influen...

Radiological Late Dental Adverse Effects Following Treatment for Paediatric Head and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of a Transatlantic Multicentre Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Objectives Rhabdomyosarcoma represents the most common paediatric soft tissue sarcoma, with 40% occurring in the head and neck region. Given that survival rates now reach 80%, minimising late adverse effects, particularly dental developmental complications, has become a...

Discovery of Sphaeriaurantinsas Rapid-Acting Antiplasmodialswith Dual Activity in Blood and Liver Stages

Abstract The rapid emergence of resistance in the malaria-causing protozoan Plasmodium falciparum has heightened the demand for treatments with novel modes of action. Having evolved to produce a myriad of structurally diverse natural products (NPs) as defenses against soil-dwelli...

Right hippocampal volume and attenuated psychotic symptoms distinguish subgroups of youth with common patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity

Abstract Associations between patterns of brain connectivity and brain structural features have transdiagnostic relevance to psychopathology. There is considerable evidence for disruptions to the hippocampus and temporoparietal brain systems in psychotic disorders. The present st...

mTOR inhibition augments antitumor immune effector response by reprogramming the TP53-mutant, immune-cold HNSCC tumor microenvironment

Resistance to immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge in TP53 -mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a disease subset characterized by immune exclusion, high recurrence, and poor outcomes. Given the constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in TP...

Narrowband and wavelength-tuneable bright EUV–soft-X-ray harmonics for resonant imaging and spectroscopy

Abstract Ultrashort, bright, wavelength-tuneable X-ray pulses are essential for resonant imaging and spectroscopy, yet are typically available only at large-scale free-electron-laser facilities. In this study, we present an efficient tabletop technique for generating wavelength-t...

Reducing Emergency Department Observation Time for Patients with Low-Risk Anaphylaxis

OBJECTIVE Historically, patients with anaphylaxis are observed for at least 4 hours after receiving epinephrine to monitor for biphasic reactions. In April 2020, the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP) released updated anaphylaxis guidelines, recommending a 1-hour obs...

Demonstratingthe Chemoselective Lewis Acid Activityof Pyridine(Diimine) Bismuth Cations

Abstract Herein, we describe the preparation of a library of cationic bismuth(III) pyridine(diimine) compounds and the assessment of their Lewis acidity measured by their interaction with phosphine oxides, acid halides, and ketones. These bismuth compounds have acceptor number va...

Review of Particle Physics *

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and b...

Deciphering Kinetic Principles of Dual‐Anion Electrolytes for Extreme Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries

ABSTRACT Tailoring Li + solvation coordination has been recognized as a strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) under extreme fast‐charging (XFC) conditions. Beyond weakening Li + solvation, increased Li–anion pairing plays a crucial ro...

Improving sepsis best practice utility and clinical acceptance using an LLM-enhanced prediction system

Early detection of sepsis is essential for reducing mortality, but diagnosis can be delayed because symptoms of sepsis are often non-specific, frequently mimic other conditions and differ between individuals. We implemented COMPOSER-LLM, an enhanced sepsis prediction system that...

Impaired but now diagnosable: Combining analytic frameworks for incorporating symptom weighting in the classification of full‐threshold and subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract Individuals with subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience significant impairment yet face barriers to care (e.g., insurance denials and exclusion from clinical trials) due to strict Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM )–b...

Tijuana river pollution crisis: health symptoms and environmental perceptions from the Healthy Water Healthy Air Study

Untreated sewage, industrial waste, and urban runoff carried by the Tijuana River from Mexico into the U.S. has created a longstanding transboundary environmental crisis. This pollution significantly intensified in July 2024, with border community members reporting noxious odors...

Surgical Management of Young Women with High-Risk Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy on the I-SPY2 Trial

BACKGROUND: Mastectomy rates in women with breast cancer are higher in younger women than in older women. The impact of this more extensive surgery on overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence in younger women is unknown, especially after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST...

A Melanoma Transplanted in Nude Mice Has Both Host‐ and Tumor‐Derived Blood Vessel‐ and Nerve‐Like Structures

Nestin-expressing stem cells located in the bulge area of the hair follicle can give rise to multiple cell types. In the present study, we subcutaneously transplanted red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labeled SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cells into nestin-driven green fluorescent protein...

Expedited research and approval of medicines for drug-resistant bacterial infections in children.

Multidrug-resistant pathogens cause severe infections with substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates, infants and children, as they do in adults. However, the approval of therapies for multidrug-resistant infections in paediatric patients often lags years behind approval fo...

Topical Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis: What is New and the New Paradigm.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that requires a complex management strategy, which often involves multiple and diverse topicals and systemic treatment regimens. While topical steroids and more recently calcineurin inhibitors have been the mainstay t...