University of California San Diego

Computed Tomography-Derived Sarcopenia and Two- Versus Three-Dimensional Body Composition for Prognostication in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy: An Automated Deep Learning Segmentation Study with External Reproducibility Assessment

Background: Skeletal muscle depletion predicts poor outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers, but whether volumetric three-dimensional (3D) body composition adds anything over the standard two-dimensional (2D) single-slice approach in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving chemor...

Early Childhood Services for Transfronterizx Families of Autistic Children: Perspectives From Community Providers

In this qualitative study, we investigated the perspectives of early childhood service (ECS) providers on the facilitators and barriers faced by transfronterizx caregivers of autistic children in the U.S.-Mexico border. We applied thematic analysis to focus groups using the socio...

Bifunctional Phagocytic Synapse Enhancers Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment to Overcome Immunosuppression

Abstract Current immunotherapies often fail in immunologically “cold”, macrophage-rich tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Multi-targeting approaches that modulate innate-adaptive immune activation represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we developed phagocytic...

Chemistry of Evaporating Charged Alcohol Microdroplets in Humid Environments

Abstract There has been recent interest in the physics of evaporating alcohol droplets under humid conditions. These studies focus on delineating time scales for different physical processes, but what about the chemistry? Given the novel reactivity of aqueous microdroplets, we su...

Guard cell Signal Transduction Mechanisms Controlling Stomatal Movements by Light, Abscisic Acid, CO2, VPD and Heat

Guard cell pairs form dynamic stomatal gas exchange pores in aerial tissues of plants. Guard cells regulate CO2 influx and water loss through stomata by integrating multiple environmental and internal signals. Guard cells serve as highly specialized sensory and signal processing...

Ubiquity and seasonality of deep submesoscales in the Southern Ocean revealed by elephant seals

Abstract Ocean submesoscale fronts with a size of 1–20 km have been extensively documented within the surface mixed layer, but little is known about their existence below it. We analyze a record of 133 598 dives performed by instrumented Southern Elephant Seals from 2014 to 2020...

Characterizing Time Toxicity in Lung Cancer Clinical Trials: Development and Application of a Novel Time Burden Metric

PURPOSE Participation in clinical trials imposes additional time commitments beyond routine care; however, trial-associated time toxicity (TT) remains underinvestigated and poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to develop a scalable, procedure-based metric to quanti...

Can a public information campaign increase trust in American elections?

Confidence in the conduct and results of American elections has declined and polarized along party lines in recent years. Can a nonpartisan public information campaign featuring election officials enhance trust in elections when delivered to skeptical voters during a contentious...

Activation of IL-17+ ILC subsets in IL-18R-deficient mice during fungal allergen exposure

Abstract Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical players during type 2 inflammation present in most forms of asthma. ILC2s are tissue-resident cells that produce cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 critical to eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus production, remodeling, and hy...

A data-driven channel infilling rate forecasting framework with quantified uncertainty for Southwest Pass and Houston Ship Channel

Dredging operations in navigational waterways are essential to maintain channel depth to ensure the safe passage of vessels. Existing shoaling forecasting tools often rely on heuristics or direct modeling of cumulative sedimentation, limiting lead time and predictive reliability....

Sex-modulated associations between cytomegalovirus cell-associated DNA and cognition in people with HIV on ART

Background: People with HIV (PWH) remain at risk for cognitive impairment, despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), a phenomenon linked to chronic immune activation and inflammation. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been implicated in HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, but...

Maternal immune activation disrupts epigenomic and functional maturation of cortical excitatory neurons

Elevated levels of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines following severe infection during gestation can disrupt offspring neural development and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. The viral mimetic Poly(I:C) reproduces the effects of gestational influenza exposure,...

Queer Hmong American Genealogies: Belonging, Responsibility, and Cultural Continuity in the Diaspora

This article examines queer Hmong identity and cultural change in the United States over the past fifty years, a period shaped by refugee resettlement, intergenerational negotiation, and evolving family practice. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with ten queer Hmong individu...

Bioprinted core-shell living material platform for spatially controlled encapsulation of Bacillus subtilis and sustained metabolite exchange

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents an escalating global health crisis, demanding alternative strategies to reduce resistant pathogen burden across environments. Microbe-based biocontrol is promising, yet effectively deploying it in practical settings remains challenging. I...

Outcomes and Care Needs of Infants Born to Individuals Incarcerated During Pregnancy

The rapid growth of incarceration of women in the United States has been accompanied by an increase in the number of pregnant individuals experiencing incarceration. Pregnant individuals in prisons and jails are at a higher risk for poor perinatal health outcomes. Existing data o...

Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy:a worldwide ENIGMA study

Positive and negative schizotypy reflect distinct patterns of subclinical traits in the general population associated with neurodevelopmental and schizophrenia-spectrum pathologies. Yet, a comprehensive characterization of the unique and shared neuroanatomical signatures of these...

Cycle-by-cycle respiration waveforms are coupled with the shape of neural oscillations

Abstract Beyond sustaining life, breathing is a vital physiological rhythm that shapes cognition, perception, emotional regulation, and mental health. Breathing has a direct effect on neuronal excitability and is coupled to neural oscillations across a variety of brain regions. N...

The working memory advantage for meaningful stimuli persists under high levels of proactive interference

Previous work has shown that visual working memory performance is higher for recognizable and meaningful stimuli relative to meaningless, but physically matched, stimuli (e.g., Asp et al., 2021). Here, we test whether the benefit for meaningful stimuli arises due to active storag...

Précis to Revisionism in Four Views on Free Will, 2e

Abstract This article provides an overview of Manuel Vargas’ newly reformulated approach to revisionary compatibilism about free will, as presented in the second edition of Four Views on Free Will (2024).

Effect of Aficamten on Cardiac Structure and Function in Patients with Symptomatic Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Aficamten significantly improved both functional capacity and patient-reported health status in patients with symptomatic nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled ACACIA-HCM trial (Assessment Comparing Aficamten to Place...