University of California, Davis

Engineering Klebsiella oxytoca for enhanced 2,3-butanediol production from gluconate

Abstract Background Historically, microbial production of 2,3-BD has relied predominantly on glucose as the substrate. However, its fermentation necessitates microaerobic conditions due to inherent redox imbalances. This limitation complicates process control and can lead to unde...

Direct microhaplotype genotyping for GT-seq (Genotyping-in-Thousands by Sequencing) using a diploid abundance model

GT-seq (Genotyping-in-Thousands by Sequencing) is widely used for high-throughput amplicon genotyping, but most analytical pipelines focus on single SNPs or rely on alignment-based variant calling. Here we present a direct microhaplotype genotyping framework that leverages the hi...

Transport Intramedullary Nail for Nonunion

Summary: Nonunions with bone defects create technical challenges for fracture healing. All-internal bone transport with an intramedullary nail offers benefits over the other bone segment transport options including being simpler for the patients, avoiding the associated soft tiss...

Contrasting water stress responses of Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc grapevines: Implications for postveraison irrigation

Understanding how stomatal regulation relates to plant hydraulic traits and whole-plant performance is critical for improving water management in grapevines. This study evaluated whether (i) cultivar differences in stomatal sensitivity are linked to leaf hydraulic traits, (ii) th...

Tac1 deficiency reduces the severity of enteric bacterial infection

Background Infection with enteric bacterial pathogens continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Effective control of these infections requires coordinated immune responses that are shaped in part by bidirectional communication between the nervou...

DELAYED ADMINISTRATION OF DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS REDUCES TRANSFUSION RISK WHILE NOT INCREASING VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM RISK FOLLOWING REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

Introduction Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban and rivaroxaban are effective prophylactic agents for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) following revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). However, the optimal timing for postoperative initiation of these agen...

Targeting tryptophan hydroxylase 1 restricts growth and suppresses plasticity in neuroendocrine prostate cancer

Advanced prostate cancer has increasingly developed a lethal neuroendocrine form, small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), as a consequence of the widespread use of highly potent androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in castration-resistant disease. The molecular mechan...

Post-colonial human admixture and natural selection: disentangling signals in complex demographic contexts

Natural selection and admixture are defining population genetic features of modern human populations, yet their interaction has only recently emerged as a major focus in human evolutionary genomics. While the influence of natural selection on population structure and trait divers...

Skeletal stem and progenitor cell niche organization, regulation and repair

Abstract Bone has traditionally been viewed through the lens of structural support and mineral homeostasis, but it is increasingly recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ. Similarly, the concept of skeletal maintenance and repair has historically been considered through tightly c...

Effect of phenylephrine versus ephedrine on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical procedures: protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Whether ephedrine, when used to maintain intraoperative blood pressure, is superior to phenylephrine in reducing postoperative delirium remains uncertain. This study aims to determine whether the intraoperative management of hypotension with ephedrine, compared with p...

Human-AI Interaction: Evaluating LLM Reasoning on Digital Logic Circuits and the Perception-Correctness Gap

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used by undergraduate students as on-demand tutors, yet their reliability on circuit- and diagram-based digital logic problems remains unclear. This study presents a human- AI study evaluating three widely used LLMs (GPT, Gemini, and...

Enabling a group split in captivity through proactive enclosure design and reactive social management

Abstract Fissioning from one group into two or more is a solution to spatial and social tension. Captive settings, however, usually do not facilitate fission through the naturalistic process of individual self-selection of group membership. We studied a mixed-sex, outdoor-housed...

Advancing the helox compensation method to estimate intercellular humidity in leaves of diverse species

Summary The relative humidity in the intercellular airspaces of leaves ( h ) has long been thought to be saturating, but several recent studies have questioned this assumption. We present and develop a method to estimate h , describe practical considerations for its application,...

Evaluating public acceptance of the official medicine label and mobile verification application: a mixed-methods study applying the technology acceptance model

Abstract Background The Iraqi pharmaceutical sector faces significant challenges arising from the prevalence of substandard and falsified (S/F) medications, which pose a direct threat to public health safety. To strengthen regulatory oversight, health authorities have implemented...

A Secret-Shopper Study Evaluating Logistic Barriers to Care Among Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) experience inferior survival relative to children. As access barriers may increase outcome disparities, we conducted a secret-shopper study to identify logistical burdens when initiating care for...

The parent bodies of Ryugu and Ivuna formed before those of other carbonaceous chondrites

Most carbonaceous chondrite (CC) meteorites contain abundant chondrules, millimeter-scale spherical inclusions of previously molten material. Ivuna-type carbonaceous chondrites (CIs) do not contain chondrules, nor do samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu. CIs and Ryugu share...

Neuropharmacology of levamisole and its phase I metabolites: lack of evidence for levamisole-cocaine interactions

RATIONALE: The anthelmintic agent, levamisole, is a cocaine adulterant that causes serious adverse effects in humans. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain why levamisole is used as an adulterant. Here, we examined whether levamisole might enhance acute pharmacolog...

The rice cellulose synthase-like D4 gene ( OsCSLD4 ) is required for resistance to Xanthomonas pv. oryzae

Plant cell walls serve as a physical support and a barrier to pathogen invasion. Cellulose is the main component of cell walls. The cellulose synthase-like D ( CSLD ) subfamily genes are required for plant normal development. In rice, Oscsld4 mutant plants are dwarfed and have na...

New estimates show the first decline in California’s organic share of cropland

Building on the historic leadership of California farmers in organic agriculture, statewide climate mitigation goals include increasing organic production to 20% of all cropland by 2045. The focus on cropland reflects the increased opportunity to reduce synthetic additives as com...

Prenatal exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter and fetal growth outcomes in the United States: Findings from the ECHO Cohort

Background: Increasing exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) may pose unique risks to fetal development. We assessed associations between prenatal wildfire PM 2.5 exposure and fetal growth outcomes, including birth weight at term, birth weight for gestational age...