University of California, Davis

Do Children Who Develop Faster Go on to Age Faster in Midlife?

We quantified the association between rate of child development and pace of midlife aging in the Dunedin Study and the Add Health Study. Physical development was quantified in Dunedin participants ( N = 1,037; age 45) using a composite comprised of (1) birth weight for gestationa...

Tree-level yield mapping for nut trees harvested with shake-catch harvesters, Part II: Uncertainty estimation and tree identification

A system that generates yield maps at tree-level resolution for almond orchards and, more generally, shake-catch harvested nut crops is presented in a two-part series of papers. Part I developed an on-harvester yield monitor that uses a laser scanner to profile the continuous nut...

Alpine forest genomics—advances in the research field and perspectives ahead

Abstract Key message Alpine or mountainous forest genomics research is rapidly moving from classic population genetic studies toward exploring population environmental adaptation to address climate vulnerabilities. For alpine conifers in particular, future progress in sustainable...

Intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical concentrations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort

Studies of prenatal exposure to non-persistent chemicals often assume biomarker measurements from a single urine sample can represent exposure pregnancy. The validity of this assumption depends on biomarker concentration variability across gestation, which is not well-characteriz...

Comparing language models and machine learning classifiers for detecting humorous vaccine misinformation on social media

Abstract Misinformation embedded in humor on social media can be difficult to detect and mitigate. This study investigates the effectiveness of traditional machine learning (ML) models, pre-trained neural language models, and large language models (LLMs) in identifying humor-lade...

Custom optical coherence tomography/confocal scanning laser microscope system for rapid measurement of cell size

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), well developed for retinal, intravascular, and dermatological tissue-scale imaging, affords the potential for substantially increased speed of microscopic 3D imaging as compared to confocal microscopy, whose volumetric acquisition speed is limi...

Resistance and Racism: On Moral Psychology and Moral Incentive in Nonideal Circumstances

Abstract A Kantian reconstruction of racialized moral psychology can illuminate the late Charles Mills’s account of white complicity. Unfortunately, philosophers have comparatively less to say about the incentive structure of the oppressed to participate in the systems that oppre...

Right on time: evaluating accuracy and timing of burn-severity assessments to support post-fire management

Abstract Effective wildfire impact assessment and post-fire management rely on burn-severity maps that accurately characterize fire effects on vegetation and soils. These maps inform time-sensitive activities such as post-fire flood and debris-flow modeling, risk mitigation for h...

Differential DNA methylation in blood as potential mediator of the association between ambient PM2.5 and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease among a cognitively normal population-based cohort.

toxicity in the pre-clinical stages of AD.

The first annotated checklist of the bees of Colombia reveals an overlooked diversity and areas with major data deficiencies

Background Most existing knowledge about bee biodiversity comes from temperate regions, where diversity is presumed highest—yet substantial data gaps across the tropics confound this pattern. Checklists are critical for documenting species presence, identifying knowledge gaps, an...

Takeoff of an all-polymer micro aerial flying robot

Flying insects are agile and can withstand impacts and compression because of their low inertia and resilient wings, exoskeletons, and muscles. These capabilities inspire the development of micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) for surveillance, disaster response, and environmental monito...

Decomposing diagnostic criteria in neurology: a scoping review of components and structure to inform criteria development

Abstract Background Diagnostic criteria are critical for the accurate diagnosis of neurological diseases, which are among the most challenging to define. They help to standardize global efforts in healthcare delivery and scientific investigation. Despite their importance, no stan...

Sex and Mortality Among Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Importance Unlike patient age, which has been a well-established and routinely used primary biological prognostic factor in the risk stratification of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the prognostic value of patient sex remains controversial in this common endocrine malignant neop...

Photoperiodism‐Specific QTLs Support Switch‐Like Genetic Control of Obligate Long‐Day Photoperiodism in Mimulus guttatus

ABSTRACT Daylength is a key environmental cue that enables plants to sense seasonal changes and regulate flowering. Although many genetic components and regulatory networks of photoperiodic flowering have been identified, current understanding is largely based on facultative long...

Practical considerations for characterization of the external exposome in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias cohorts

Abstract External exposome research offers opportunities to evaluate complex relationships between multiple environmental determinants of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, selecting specific exposure domains, identifying metrics, and downloading, processi...

Winning and losing experiences differentially alter learning performance and forebrain protein expression in mangrove rivulus killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus

Contest outcomes alter future social behavior, but whether and how a single win or loss influences non-social learning-task performance and triggers rapid forebrain molecular responses remains unclear. The self-fertilizing mangrove rivulus killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus , off...

Lithium chloride in vitro treatment shows potential to rescue the neuronal phenotype caused by WDFY3 haploinsufficiency

We provide a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of loss-of-function (LoF) variants in WDFY3 based on the largest cohort reported to date (n = 32). Our findings define a monogenic disorder marked by neuropsychiatric features (including autism and ADHD), mild to moderate neu...

Temporal stability and characteristics of breeding sites for Anopheles coluzzii, a major malaria vector on the island of São Tomé

Abstract Background Characterization of mosquito breeding sites is important for efficient, targeted vector control. Such information is lacking for the tropical African island of São Tomé where malaria cases are low but persistent and larvicidal control is regularly utilized. He...

Integrated hydrothermal and microbial valorization of almond shells into xylooligosaccharides and cellobionic acid

Almond shells are abundant lignocellulosic by-products with great potential for sustainable valorization. This study developed an integrated biorefinery process to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and cellobionic acid (CBA) through hydrothermal pretreatment and fungal simultane...

Free fatty acid receptor 4 agonism stimulates insulin secretion via different mechanisms in mouse versus human islets

Abstract Activation of the free fatty acid receptor FFAR4 in pancreatic islets potentiates insulin and inhibits somatostatin (SST) secretion. Here we investigated the relative roles of δ and β cells in the insulinotropic effect of FFAR4 activation in mouse and human islets. The e...