University of California, Berkeley

A levered ETF anomaly explained

Abstract Counterintuitively, the S&P 500 Index rose between January 3, 2022, and December 29, 2023, while exchange-traded funds (ETFs) seeking to deliver $$2\times $$ and $$3\times $$ daily returns of the index delivered substantially negative returns. Roughly two-thirds of the d...

Automated Multimodal Correlative Registration for Organelle-Specific Elemental and Isotopic Imaging

Abstract Mapping the subcellular partitioning of therapeutics is important for understanding their trafficking, mechanisms of action, and off-target effects. NanoSIMS provides chemical images of labeled therapeutics, but assigning these signals to cellular structures requires cor...

The Python simulations of chemistry framework: 10 years of an open-source quantum chemistry project

Over the past decade, the Python-based Simulations of Chemistry Framework (PySCF) has developed into a widely used open-source platform for electronic-structure theory and quantum chemical method development. This article reviews the major advances since the previous overview in...

Tension in the solar energetic proton paradigm for historical cosmogenic nuclide events

'Miyake events' are exceptional increases in atmospheric 14C recorded in tree rings that, if confirmed, are accompanied by simultaneous 10Be and 36Cl enhancements in ice cores. During the last 15 000 years, six such events have been confirmed. They are generally thought to origin...

Development and Validation of a Novel Algorithm for Classifying Diabetes Type in Adolescents and Young Adults Using Electronic Health Record Data

OBJECTIVE Accurate classification of diabetes type in early-onset populations is essential for epidemiologic and health services research but remains challenging when using electronic health record (EHR) data alone. Our objective was to develop and validate a diabetes typing algo...

Global Existence of Weak Solutions to a Two-Phase Diffuse Interface Model of Ferrofluids Dynamics

Abstract. Ferrofluids are a class of materials that exhibit both fluid and magnetic properties. We consider a two-phase diffuse interface model for the dynamics of ferrofluids on a bounded domain. One phase is assumed to be magnetic, the other phase can be magnetic or nonmagnetic...

Retrotransposon-based mechanisms for transgene addition to the human genome

When human disease arises from a loss of function caused by diverse mutant alleles of the same gene, the patient population could be best served by a clinical therapy that achieves genome safe-harbor supplementation with a functional transgene. Until recently, transgene delivery...

The plausible relationship between deep long-period earthquakes and volatiles: a case study of the Alaska-Aleutian arc

Abstract Deep long-period (DLP) earthquakes are observed beneath volcanoes in various tectonic settings during background activity, unrest, and eruption. The exact processes generating DLPs have been subject to ongoing debate, as they may provide insight into deep magmatic plumbi...

Electrical noise produced by micron-sized particles above a surface Paul trap

Electric field noise produced by the surface of ion trap electrodes reduces the fidelity of quantum computing operations. Despite decades of investigation, its microscopic origins remain unclear. Here, we measure electric field noise at trapping locations along the symmetry axis...

Neocortical long-range inhibition promotes cortical synchrony and sleep

Abstract Sleep and wakefulness are associated with distinct cortical patterns of rhythmic activity 1 . During low-arousal states such as slow-wave sleep, synchronous low-frequency rhythms dominate activity across widespread cortical regions. Although inhibitory neurons are increa...

Predicting genome-wide functional constraints with GPN-Star

Abstract Genomic language models have emerged as a powerful approach for learning genome-wide functional constraints directly from DNA sequences 1 . However, standard genomic language models adapted from natural language processing often require large model sizes and computationa...

Machine learning–driven spleen imaging and genomics uncover a splenic connection to coronary artery disease

Despite advances in managing traditional risk factors, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of mortality. Circulating hematopoietic cells influence risk for CAD separately from traditional risk factors, but the role of a key regulating organ, the spleen, is unk...

Neighborhood Contemporary Redlining and Racial Mortgage Lending Bias and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated neighborhood structural inequities are associated with cardiovascular outcomes among breast cancer survivors. We investigated the associations between bias in mortgage lending practices (contemporary redlining and racial lending bias) and car...

Prenatal exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter and fetal growth outcomes in the United States: Findings from the ECHO Cohort

Background: Increasing exposure to wildfire fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) may pose unique risks to fetal development. We assessed associations between prenatal wildfire PM 2.5 exposure and fetal growth outcomes, including birth weight at term, birth weight for gestational age...

Continuous-time random walk description of anomalous spin transport in dilute dipolar networks

Nuclear spin diffusion is often summarized by a single diffusion coefficient, but this coarse-grained description can fail in dilute solids where positional disorder and long-range dipolar couplings generate a broad distribution of hopping rates. We develop a continuous-time rand...

Identifying Research Priorities for the Development of High-Integrity Forest Carbon Credits

Abstract In the United States, voluntary carbon markets have gained significant traction in recent years. However, many offset standards, protocols, and credit ratings have come under scrutiny from the public and investors for failing to produce real or sustainable carbon offsets...

The distribution of fitness effects of nonsynonymous mutations varies phylogenetically across animals

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the selection coefficients of newly arising mutations and fundamentally influences population genetic processes. However, the extent and mechanisms of differences in the DFE for non-synonymous mutations have not been systematica...

Divergent biological consequences of APOE isoforms across industrialized and non-industrial environments

Abstract The apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) isoform directly alters cholesterol and immune biology and is associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disease in industrialized settings; nevertheless, APOE ε4—which is ancestral in humans—has persisted o...

Cu-Catalyzed Funneling Oxidation Enables C–C Bond Cleavage in Lignin-derived Compounds

Abstract The structural complexity and chemical heterogeneity of lignin present a formidable barrier to its use as a sustainable replacement for petroleum-derived aromatics. Here, we report a robust, earth-abundant copper/nitroxyl catalytic system that achieves the aerobic oxidat...

A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a family-based psychosocial intervention to prevent childhood obesity from preschool ages: the PRESAFALIN study protocol

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is a major global concern, and Spain's high obesity rates highlight the urgent need for effective and innovative interventions in early age. The PRESAFALIN study aims to promote parental competence, self-efficacy, and resilience to improve c...