University of California, Berkeley

Long-Integration Magnetar Burst Observatory (LIMBO): Instrument Summary and Early FRB Rate Constraints

Abstract The Long-Integration Magnetar Burst Observatory (LIMBO) is a real-time radio transient detection pipeline designed to search for dispersed fast radio bursts (FRBs) from Galactic magnetars. LIMBO employs a 4.3-m dish with a dual-polarization feed to continuously monitor a...

Earliest simultaneous multi-color optical observations of GRB 230328B: from 41 seconds to the host-galaxy identification

Abstract We present a multiwavelength study of the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 230328B, combining prompt γ-ray observations with exceptionally early simultaneous optical photometry and extensive X-ray, radio, and host-galaxy follow-up. NUTTELA-TAO began simultaneous g′r′i′...

An additional water is introduced into the manganese cluster during the formation of the S3 state of photosystem II

During photosynthetic water oxidation, the Mn4Ca cluster in Photosystem II progresses through five intermediate Si (i = 0–4) states. X-ray crystallography studies have reported the insertion of one new O ligand during the formation of the S3 state, but recent studies question the...

The perils of omitting omissions when modeling evidence accumulation

Response deadlines are commonly imposed in decision-making research to incentivize speedy decisions and sustained attention. This procedure frequently leads to a proportion of trials in which no response is made, and these omissions are often simply removed from the data during a...

Isothermal Captureand Release of Carbon Dioxide witha Porous Molecular Hexaamine

Abstract The decarbonization of fossil fuel combustion streams and air is imperative to achieve negative carbon emissions and requires discovery of new materials that exhibit high CO2 capacities, long-term stability, and minimal energy input for the release of pure CO2. Numerous...

Examining the relationship between D3Cr muscle mass, physical performance, and functional limitation in postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method provides a non-invasive and accurate assessment of muscle mass. Our objective was to examine the relationship between D3Cr muscle mass, objective measures of physical performance, and self-report physical function postmenopausal...

LinkLlama: Enablinga Large Language Model for ChemicallyReasonable Linker Design

Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) relies heavily on the design of chemically viable linkers to connect fragments binding to different pocket regions into potent lead molecules. While recent generative models have advanced spatial fragment linking, they frequently produce linke...

The immunophenotype and proviral landscape of HIV-infected CD4 T cells during antiretroviral therapy

In individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy, integrated HIV proviruses persist within CD4 T cells, forming a viral reservoir that rebounds if treatment is stopped. Identifying and targeting these rare, infected cells is critical for advancing therapies, but methods to stud...

Non-local physics-informed neural networks for forward and inverse solutions of granular flows

Abstract Dense granular flows exhibit nonlocal effects due to stress transmission in microplastic events, especially in quasi-static or slowly sheared regions. Hence, traditional local rheological models fail to capture spatial cooperativity effects that are prominent in many gra...

Leveragingthe Gut Microbiota for MechanisticallyInformed Therapeutics against Body-First Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract Although some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be pharmacologically alleviated, stopping disease progression is not currently possible. Motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease is associated with accumulation of aggregates of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) in dopamine...

Regulation of DiverseEndogenous Metabolic and SignalingPathways by UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) Revealed by Metabolomicsof Knockout Mice

Abstract Uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes play a critical role in hepatic and other metabolism of endogenous and exogenous small molecules. The addition of glucuronic acid via UGT increases the polarity and subsequent solubility of small molecules, helpi...

A Tutorialon Automated Mass Spectral Analysis Using NucleoSpec for Compositional Assignment of Nucleic Acid-SilverComplexes and Nanoclusters

Abstract Nucleic acid–metal complexes, such as DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgN) and Ag(I)-mediated DNA duplexes, show promise for applications ranging from biomedical imaging to bioelectronics and sensing. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a powerf...

Electron Shot Noise on a Current Biased Antenna

Abstract The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Fields Experiment (FIELDS) uses Radio Frequency Spectrometer (RFS) data and Quasi‐Thermal Noise Spectroscopy (QTN) to determine the temperature and density of electrons in the heliosphere. The FIELDS antennas typically operate with a negative...

Political Polarization and Counter-attitudinal Information Consumption and Internalization

Abstract Political polarization can undermine democratic governance by weakening electoral accountability through biases in voter information consumption and processing. A growing literature, primarily from high-income countries, has identified promising interventions to reduce n...

The extreme diversity of retinal amacrine cells has deep evolutionary roots

Amacrine cells (ACs) comprise a heterogeneous class of inhibitory neurons in the vertebrate retina, exhibiting morphological and functional complexity rivaling that of cortical interneurons. Here, we integrate single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic atlases from 24 vertebra...

An orbifold framework for classifying layer groups with an application to knitted fabrics

Abstract Entangled structures, such as textiles and architected materials, are often doubly periodic. Owing to this property and their finite transverse thickness, the symmetries of these materials are described by the crystallographic layer groups. While orbifold notation provid...

Threomer Inhibition of S1−ACE2 Binding

Abstract The interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1) and human ACE2 receptor is essential for viral entry into host epithelial cells and a key target for drug discovery. Here, we describe the evolution of a threomer, a base-modif...

Tracking the baryon number with nuclear collisions

Baryon quantum number is found to be conserved since baryogenesis in the early Universe. Conventionally, each fractionally charged valence quark is understood to carry one-third of a baryon number. An alternative hypothesis posits that baryon number is instead carried by a baryon...

Inventories of Rich Carbon-Chain Chemistry in Prestellar and Starless Cores in the Perseus Molecular Cloud

Abstract Carbon-chain molecules serve as an important reservoir of reactive organic matter that will eventually be incorporated into protoplanetary disks, planets, and cometary material. Prestellar and starless cores are composed of cold (~ 10 K) and dense (~ 105 cm−3) clumps of...

Accurate SEM-EDS quantification, automation, and machine learning enable high-throughput compositional characterization of powders

<title>Abstract</title> Compositional characterization is essential for understanding and optimizing material performance. For powder-based materials underpinning many modern technologies, however, accurately and rapidly resolving the composition of individual constituent phases...