Stanford University

What Does It Mean to Be Black? Experimental Evidence on the Situational Deployment of Racial Schemas

How do Black Americans construct narratives about the meaning and boundaries of Blackness in America today? We leverage an original, nationally representative survey experiment among U.S.-born Black Americans ( n = 3,100) to examine (1) justifications used to validate or reject a...

Effects of surface fluxes on the moist potential vorticity distribution in the axisymmetric tropical cyclone boundary layer

Abstract This study investigates the structure and dynamics of simulated tropical cyclone boundary layers (TCBLs) using a moist potential vorticity () framework. in the boundary layer of tropical cyclones is related to the distribution of equivalent potential temperature () and a...

Real-world use of large language models for mental health in 2024

The extent to which people use general-purpose large language models (LLMs) for their mental health is unknown. Information about use patterns is important for clinicians, developers, and regulators. We surveyed U.S. adults ( n = 1871) between August and October 2024 using strati...

OMVs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa extracted from chronic suppurative otitis media trigger ototoxicity: possible relation to activation of NLRP3 inflammasome

Abstract Background Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) can lead to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate whether the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeru...

The Six-Neuron Counterexample to the Target-Free Clique Conjecture Is Minimal

This record presents an exact, independently replayable computer-assisted proof that every legal combinatorial threshold-linear network (CTLN) on at most five neurons satisfies the algebraic target-free clique classification. Consequently, every nondegenerate legal CTLN on at mos...

Adipose Tissue Browning in MASLD and Its Molecular Mechanisms and Metabolic Crosstalk

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an increasingly prevalent complication of obesity and metabolic dysregulation, with limited therapies targeting upstream drivers of disease. Adipose tissue has emerged as a central regulator of...

Concessions and Protest Demobilization

How and why do concessions, or promises to implement reform in the future, affect protest mobilization in autocracies? Concessions are a routine response to protest and generate a puzzling empirical regularity: Although autocrats often renege once protest abates, concessions can...

How well can off-the-shelf LLMs elucidate molecular structures from mass spectra using chain-of-thought reasoning?

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique for identifying small molecules, yet determining complete molecular structures directly from tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) remains a long-standing challenge due to complex fragmentation patterns and the vast diversity of che...

Isolation and genomic characterization of bacteriophage Luminis, a lytic Yuavirus infecting clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT We report the genome of Luminis, a lytic bacteriophage isolated from wastewater using Pseudomonas aeruginosa mPAO1Δpf4Δpf6. Phage Luminis is a Yuavirus with 61,617 bp of circularly permuted dsDNA and 64.4% GC content. In addition to reference strains, Luminis plaques on...

Geriatric Fall-Related Facial Fractures: A Nationwide Analysis of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes

INTRODUCTION: Falls are the leading cause of facial fractures in the elderly, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the trends, epidemiology, characteristics, and outcomes of facial fractures in the elderly resulting from me...

RAS inhibition limits oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma regardless of RAS mutational status

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a rare and aggressive pediatric malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 40–50% for patients diagnosed with high-risk disease. NBLs arise in the sympathetic nervous system and causes 11% of all pediatric cancer deaths. MYCN amplification or overex...