Princeton University

Infinitary Relational Logic

Relational program logics are a popular formalism for stating and proving properties that relate executions of several computations. We present Infinitary Relational Logic (IRL)—the first Hoare-style Separation Logic that allows one to state and prove relational properties of pos...

JWST Nebular Spectroscopy of SN 2023qov: Circumstellar Dust Emission in a Normal Type Ia Supernova

Abstract We present panchromatic observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2023qov, ranging from ∼2 weeks before to ∼1 yr after maximum light. JWST near- and mid-infrared spectra at +276 and +363 days show ∼400 K dust emission that cools by ∼75 K between epochs, the first una...

Assessing model error in counterfactual worlds

Counterfactual scenario modelling exercises that ask 'what would happen if?' are one of the most common ways we plan for the future. Despite their ubiquity in planning and decision-making, scenario projections are rarely evaluated retrospectively. Differences between projections...

A versatile fluorescent reporter for Usutu virus drug screening and infection tracking

Abstract Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus closely related to West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Despite its increasing prevalence in Europe and reports of neuroinvasive disease in humans, the molecular and immunological determinants of US...

Efficiently emulating distribution functions in gigaparsec volumes for varying cosmological parameters

Abstract We present a new method for emulating the halo mass function (HMF) and other distribution functions in large effective volumes, down to low halo masses, whilst simultaneously modifying large ranges of parameters, for a fraction of the cost of traditional periodic cosmolo...

How Ions Reshape the Infrared Spectra of Aqueous NaCl

Abstract Infrared (IR) spectroscopy probes the hydrogen-bond structure of electrolyte solutions, yet relating spectra to molecular mechanisms is challenging. We combine machine-learning molecular dynamics with a deep Wannier model to compute concentration-dependent IR spectra of...

Revealing the Proton Slingshot Mechanism in Solid Acid Electrolytes through Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics

Abstract In solid acid electrolytes CsH2PO4 and CsHSO4, the origin of fast proton conduction has long been debated, attributed either to local proton hopping or to polyanion rotation. However, the precise role of polyanion rotation and its interplay with proton hopping remains un...

Raman Spectroscopy at Metal Interfaces: A Numerical Study of the Strong Coupling Regime

Abstract We investigate how proximity to a metal nanostructure, particularly to a flat mirror or a cavity confined between two mirrors, affects the vibronic structure of the Raman scattering signals. We find that such proximity, particularly for the strong-coupling situation enco...

Silane, Germane, and Stannane Activation by an Iron Dinitrogen Compound to Access Dimetallotetrylides

Abstract Upon adding Group 14 hydride gases to the recently prepared iron dinitrogen dimer, [(Triphos)Fe]2(μ-N2) (Triphos = H3CC(CH2PPh2)3), a generalized methodology for the preparation of diirontetrylides has been realized. The all-bond activation of SiH4 afforded the correspon...

Growth of aromatic hydrocarbon dust particles in the extremely metal-poor galaxy Sextans A

The mid-infrared spectrum of star-forming, high-metallicity galaxies is dominated by emission features from aromatic and aliphatic bonds in small carbonaceous dust grains, often referred to as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In metal-poor galaxies, the abundance of PAHs...

World model for robot learning: A comprehensive survey

World models, which are predictive representations of how environments evolve under actions, have become a central component of robot learning. They support policy learning, planning, simulation, evaluation, data generation, and have advanced rapidly with the rise of foundation m...

Fine-tuning a universal machine-learned interatomic potential for oxygen plasma interactions with WS2

Molecular dynamics simulation of plasma–surface interactions requires an interatomic potential that is simultaneously accurate, computationally efficient, and able to describe many elements and bonding types in reactive systems. In principle, a foundation model for machine-learne...

The geometry of flux surfaces with quasi-poloidal symmetry

Quasi-poloidal (QP) magnetic fields have desirable properties for confining plasma: no radial drift of guiding centres (with positive implications for neoclassical transport), zero Pfirsch–Schlüter current and a lower level of damping for poloidal flows. Despite their attractive...

Mapping Embryonic Mouse Lung Development Using Enhanced Spatial Transcriptomics

ABSTRACT The mature mammalian lung contains ∼50 different cell types that are located in precise positions along and around the airway epithelial tree. Here, we apply spatial transcriptomics to early embryonic mouse lungs to investigate how these spatial patterns are progressivel...

Coloring in the lines: the role of segregation and majority-minority districts in local descriptive representation

The urban politics literature finds municipal elections are highly racialized, but it is unclear how this is reflected in redistricting. I analyze the implementation of majority-minority districts in 133 US cities during the 2010 redistricting cycle. I find that in cities where B...

Efficient Generation of Entangled Photons in the Telecommunications Range Using Nonlinear Metasurfaces Integrated With ScAlN/GaN Heterostructures

ABSTRACT Entangled photons provide non‐classical correlations that enable measurement sensitivities beyond classical limits, scalable fault‐tolerant quantum computation, and fundamentally secure quantum communication, making them a foundational necessity for next‐generation quant...

Discovering how ice crystals grow using neural ODEs and symbolic regression

Depositional ice growth strongly influences the evolution and lifetime of ice-containing clouds on Earth and Mars, yet its physics remain uncertain because the earliest stages of ice-crystal growth cannot be directly observed and are sparsely sampled in laboratory settings. Here,...

Zircon geochronology constraints on the geometry and solidification timescales of the Dufek layered mafic intrusion, Antarctica

Abstract The ~ 182 Ma Dufek Intrusion of Antarctica, associated with the Ferrar Dolerite Province, is a large layered mafic intrusion that is estimated to be similar in size to the 8–9 km thick Bushveld Complex of South Africa. Similar to the Bushveld Complex, the Dufek Intrusion...

Accelerating Chemical Potential Calculations with Minimal Normalizing Flows

Abstract Chemical potentials are among the most important properties that can be obtained from a molecular simulation since they define many technologically relevant collective properties such as solubilities and activity coefficients. The chemical potential of a species in solut...

Geodesic extended modes in low magnetic shear tokamaks and stellarators

Theories of ion-scale microinstabilities in tokamaks and stellarators typically assume that the passing electrons respond adiabatically due to their fast propagation speed. However, when the magnetic shear becomes sufficiently small, ion-scale modes can extend far along the magne...