Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Mechanochemical energy landscapes under force support catch–slip bonds in T-cell activation

Abstract Traditional theories explain T-cell activation using antigen concentration, binding affinity and dissociation rate, but they fail to account for its extraordinary sensitivity. Recent developments in structural biology, biophysics and modelling have motivated the view tha...

Exploring baryon semileptonic decays through polarization and entanglement

Abstract The unitarity of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix is a cornerstone of the standard model (SM). Precise tests of this unitarity require independent determinations of its elements, such as | V us |, which governs the transition between strange and up quarks. Curr...

Oral health and systemic health outcomes: A call for interdisciplinary action

Abstract Objectives To make the case, from periodontology and dental public health, for interdisciplinary action on oral and systemic health, and to set out recommendations for practice, policy, education, and research. Materials and Methods A joint working group of the European...

Tricuspid-Valve Intervention in Heart Failure

BackgroundThe effect of transcatheter tricuspid-valve repair on clinical outcomes, including death and hospitalization for heart failure, in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation remains uncertain. MethodsWe randomly assigned patients with symptomatic severe tricuspid regu...

Disentangling the Number of Letters Effect and the Influence of Visual Crowding

We transferred the approach of Hautala et al. (2011) and Hautala & Loberg (2015) from Finnish to German to dissociate the confound word length components number of letters (NrL) and spatial width (SpW) inherent to the majority of reading research. The aim was to disentangle the N...

Disentangling the Number of Letters Effect and the Influence of Visual Crowding

We transferred the approach of Hautala et al. (2011) and Hautala & Loberg (2015) from Finnish to German to dissociate the confound word length components number of letters (NrL) and spatial width (SpW) inherent to the majority of reading research. The aim was to disentangle the N...

On the blind spot: ethical conflicts of health care professionals in addressing opioid diversion - a template study protocol for multinational qualitative research

Abstract Background Opioid diversion—the unauthorized redirection of prescription opioids—is a growing global concern with significant public health implications. While diversion can occur at many points in the supply chain, instances involving healthcare professionals (HCPs) are...

Logical Operators and Derived Automorphisms of Tile Codes

The recently introduced tile codes are a promising alternative to surface codes, combining two-dimensional locality with higher encoding efficiency. While surface codes are well understood in terms of their logical operators and boundary behavior, much less is known about tile co...

Repair of DNA double-strand breaks after low radiation doses in childhood cancer survivors and matched cancer-free individuals

Abstract DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) which arise in G1- or G0-phase normal human cells are repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), a pathway which is important for cell survival but can cause mutations at the break sites. DSB repair by NHEJ is very efficient at high da...

Entropy‐Stable and Energy‐Conservative Fully‐Discrete Finite Element Method for Non‐Isothermal Phase‐Field Models

ABSTRACT This work presents a conforming finite‐element scheme for non‐isothermal phase‐field systems coupled to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The proposed numerical scheme preserves entropy production and total energy conservation exactly by variable transformation...

Transient Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures Revealed by Time‐Resolved EUV Diffuse Scattering

ABSTRACT The formation of permanent laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on solid surfaces under impulsive laser irradiation above the damage threshold has been the subject of extensive research. Here, we report the formation of transient quasi‐periodic surface modul...

Mitigation of serotonin-caused suppression of osteoblast function by extracts of the psychoactive indigenous plant Sceletium tortuosum

Abstract Background Sceletium tortuosum is an endemic plant in Southern Africa, traditionally used as kanna by the indigenous people and also exploited commercially due to its mood-elevating properties. Mesembrine, a major alkaloid from this plant, acts as a selective serotonin r...

Impact of South American biomass burning emissions on elevated South Atlantic upper tropospheric ozone

Abstract. During the SOUTHTRAC mission in autumn 2019 elevated mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen oxide (NO) and total reactive nitrogen NOy were observed during a flight at the beginning of October. The potential plume extended over more than 100...

Structure of astacin and the discovery of metzincins

Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of astacin from the freshwater crayfish Astacus astacus published in 1992 was the second structural prototype of a zinc metalloendopeptidase solved after thermolysin from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus 20 years earlier. Astacin became the foundi...

CD8+ effector memory and regulatory T cell dynamics predict subclinical atherosclerotic plaque formation in healthy aging

<title>Abstract</title> Background Subclinical atherosclerotic plaque (SAP) develops silently in older adults. Early biological changes that predict plaque formation are not well defined. We examined whether immunological, and metabolic or functional measures identify vascular vu...

(Re-)Novelizing Poetry: A Bakhtinian Perspective on Parenthesis

In this essay, we assume that the “novelization” of poetry envisaged by Mikhail M. Bakhtin as a general tendency to liberate poetry from its ideologically unified monophony and outlived stylization is in fact a re-novelization leading poetry back to its polyphonic origins, reinst...

(Re-)Novelizing Poetry: A Bakhtinian Perspective on Parenthesis

In this essay, we assume that the “novelization” of poetry envisaged by Mikhail M. Bakhtin as a general tendency to liberate poetry from its ideologically unified monophony and outlived stylization is in fact a re-novelization leading poetry back to its polyphonic origins, reinst...

Conserving Mass, Momentum, and Energy for the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony, Korteweg–de Vries, and Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

Abstract. We propose and study a class of arbitrarily high-order numerical discretizations that preserve multiple invariants and are essentially explicit (they do not require the solution of any large systems of algebraic equations). In space, we use Fourier Galerkin methods, whi...

An airborne in-situ dataset of cloud microphysical properties in supercooled large droplet icing conditions

Abstract. Detailed and comprehensive data sets on microphysical cloud properties in icing conditions are rare. In April 2023, fifteen research flights were performed with the SAFIRE ATR 42 research aircraft during the SENS4ICE-EU airborne measurement campaign over France and adja...

Flavin Hydroperoxideand Semiquinone: Structures andBiomimetic Activity

Abstract Flavins are unique natural redox cofactors that can switch between an oxidized, a radical half-reduced, and a fully reduced state. In nature, the interplay between these redox states is orchestrated by the surrounding flavoenzymes and unlocks a myriad of unique chemical...