Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Road transport of trapped antiprotons

Abstract Low-energy antiprotons confined in ultrahigh-vacuum Penning traps 1 enable precision investigations of charge, parity and time-reversal (CPT) invariance 2 to test the fundamental symmetry between matter and antimatter. These studies are driven by the search for physics b...

Generation of a high-intensity, superthermal muonium beam for gravity and laser spectroscopy experiments

Abstract The universality of free fall, a cornerstone of Einstein’s theory of gravity, has so far only been tested with neutral composite states of first-generation standard model particles, such as atoms, neutrons and antihydrogen. Muonium, the bound state of a positively charge...

Signatures of high-frequency gravitational waves in electromagnetic cavities

A bstract Similar to axions, gravitational waves (GWs) can induce oscillating electromagnetic fields inside electromagnetic cavities. We explore their experimental sensitivity to monochromatic and non-monochromatic GW signals, using the total deposited energy as a primary measure...

Parvovirus B19 infections in paediatric sickle cell disease patients: Genotype and hydroxyurea treatment influence disease severity

Summary In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), parvovirus B19 infection (B19V) leads to acute anaemia (aplastic crisis), but may also be associated with other serious complications. We retrospectively analysed clinical data from paediatric SCD patients with B19V infections b...

Divergent c-MYC Expression Patterns in NET and NEC: Insights from a Multicentre Cohort of 1380 Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Abstract Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) comprise well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), whose distinction is clinically critical. Although c-MYC alterations have been implicated in NEC pathogenesis, c-MYC expression across NEC subtyp...

Deep Learning–Based Distortion Correction for Brain Diffusion-weighted Imaging

BACKGROUND: Single-shot echo-planar imaging DWI (ss-EPI DWI) is susceptible to geometric distortions near air-tissue interfaces, limiting diagnostic accuracy. Multishot readout-segmented DWI (RESOLVE DWI) mitigates these artifacts but requires longer acquisition times. This study...

Colour Doppler ultrasound assessment of retrobulbar hemodynamics and static retinal vessel analysis in Sjögren’s disease: the SICARD cohort

Abstract Objectives To assess, for the first time, macrovascular, medium-calibre vessel, and microvascular damage in Sjögren’s disease (SjD) using carotid greyscale ultrasound (GSUS), retrobulbar colour Doppler ophthalmic artery (OA) ultrasound (RCDUS), and static retinal vessel...

Increasing nitrogen loading in the Gulf of Mexico undermines coral reef resilience

The ongoing global decline of coral reefs underscores the need to identify key mechanisms driving reef deterioration. The Flower Garden Banks (FGB) reefs in the northern Gulf are widely regarded as some of the healthiest in the continental United States, but recent disease outbre...

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Three-Component Ring-Opening of 3-Substituted-1-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes toward 3,3-Disubstituted N -Sulfonylazetidines

Abstract Aryl-substituted azetidines are found in pharmacologically active compounds; however, efficient synthetic methods to access this scaffold remain limited. Existing approaches predominantly enable the synthesis of azetidines bearing electron-rich aryl substituents. Herein,...

Neural sharpening of object categories through parafoveal priming

Abstract During natural vision, humans make saccades approximately every 250–300 ms to fixate on important objects in a scene. Given this rapid succession of eye movements, it has been proposed that visual processing begins in the parafovea, prior to fixation. Such parafoveal pre...

Enhancing detection of polygenic adaptation: a comparative study of machine learning and statistical approaches using simulated evolve-and-resequence data

Abstract Background Detecting signals of polygenic adaptation remains a significant challenge in population genomics, as traditional methods often struggle to identify the associated subtle, multi-locus allele-frequency shifts. Here, we introduced and tested several novel approac...

The Pear Strategy for Two‐Ring Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Antral and Sleeve Ablation Using a Balloon‐in‐Basket Pulsed Field Ablation Catheter

ABSTRACT Background Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has emerged as a promising energy source for atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. This study aimed to describe the adoption and workflow optimization of a novel balloon‐in‐basket PFA catheter using a two rings balloon and pea...

Does a 360° VR nature environment augment relaxation during a MBSR breathing meditation?

Abstract This study investigated whether immersive 360° virtual reality (VR) nature environments enhance the relaxation effects of a guided mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) breathing meditation. In a randomized controlled trial, 100 healthy adults were assigned to one of...

Appearance-related social media behavior and eating disorder pathology: evidence from the german social media appearance preoccupation scale in nonclinical and clinical samples

Abstract Background Image- and video-based social media have been linked to body dissatisfaction and eating pathology, partly through increased appearance-based social comparison and self-focused attention. The Social Media Appearance Preoccupation Scale (SMAPS) assesses three be...

Recent Progress in Ab Initio Nuclear Theory for Precision Physics Searches in Muonic Atoms and Superallowed β Decays

Precision tests of the Standard Model at low energy are increasingly limited by nuclear-structure theory rather than by experiments. We review two such cases: the two-photon-exchange correction to the Lamb shift in muonic atoms, and the γW box radiative correction to superallowed...

ATP‐Mediated Bidirectional Communication Between Natural and Artificial Cells for Controlled Bioreactions

ABSTRACT Communication between living and artificial cells represents a fundamental step toward constructing hybrid systems capable of cooperative behaviors. Here, we introduce an ATP‐mediated energy transduction mechanism that enables bidirectional communication between natural...

Messenger RNA delivery of a dual CD25/CD122 affinity-tuned IL-2 variant prolongs exposure and potentiates antitumor T cell immunity

The therapeutic potential of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in cancer treatment is limited by toxicity challenges, partly due to an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile and unintended activation of regulatory T (T reg ) cells alongside the desired activation of CD8 + effector T cells. To se...

Maternal DNA repair safeguards genome stability during the oocyte-to-embryo transition

Abstract De novo mutations are a major source of genetic variation and disease risk, yet the developmental timing and mechanisms underlying their origin require further investigation. While germ cells have traditionally been considered the primary source of these mutations, incre...

Upward transport and segregation of ice-nucleating particles in deep convective clouds

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a crucial role in Earth’s weather and climate by influencing cloud properties and precipitation. However, their abundance in the free troposphere, vertical distribution, and transport mechanisms are not well-characterized. This study...

Immunogenicity and safety of seasonal influenza vaccine co-administered with other vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Seasonal influenza remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for vaccination strategies that improve coverage and streamline vaccine delivery. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science,...