Hokkaido University

Dehnel's phenomenon is not a simple reduction of size: seasonal change in skull shape of the long-clawed shrew (Soricidae, Mammalia)

Abstract Dehnel's phenomenon—a reversible seasonal reduction and regrowth of body size, skull, brain and visceral organs—is an extreme adaptive strategy, enabling small mammals to survive winter energetic constraints. First described in the common shrew Sorex araneus, similar sea...

Mathematical modeling for a primitive form of habituation in an amoeba

Abstract Learning abilities, once thought to be unique to higher animals, have been reported to exist in their primitive form in single-celled organisms. This has triggered a growing interest in carefully examining the nature and mechanisms of the primitive versions of learning a...

Comprehensive Spectroscopic Elucidation of Atomically Dispersed FeN 4 Active Sites of Fe‐N‐C Electrocatalysts

ABSTRACT To gain insights into single‐atom active sites of iron, nitrogen‐doped carbon (Fe‐N‐C), we performed comprehensive element‐specific spectroscopies including Fe K ‐edge X‐ray absorption, 57 Fe Mössbauer, and Fe Kβ 1,3 and valence‐to‐core (VtC) X‐ray emission spectroscopy...

Fluorine-Modulated Reactivity Enables One-Pot Kinetic Sequence Programming of Block Copolyesters

Monomer sequence strongly influences copolymer properties, but direct block formation from a monomer mixture requires a large reactivity contrast. Here, fluorination was used to regulate anhydride reactivity in the cesium pivalate-catalyzed ring-opening alternating copolymerizati...

Cascaded Multistage Impinging-Jet Solid Fuel Configuration: Experiments and Simulations

This work presents a combined experimental and computational investigation of the Cascaded Multi-Stage Impinging Jet (CAMUI) solid-fuel configuration for hybrid propulsion. CAMUI departs from conventional solid-fuel architectures by arranging orthogonal fuel blocks that force seq...

Supramolecular Polymerization and Morphological Transformation of Dynamic Helical Poly(Phenylacetylene)s via Chain‐End Host–Guest Interactions

ABSTRACT Integration of dynamic helical polymers with supramolecular polymerization offers a promising strategy for constructing adaptive hierarchical chiral materials. However, the transformation of molecular‐level conformational changes in dynamic helical polymers into structur...

Anchoring Through Touch: Nurses’ Perspectives on the Meaning of Hygiene Care for Patients at the End of Life in Palliative Care Wards—A Grounded Theory Study

Purpose To explore how nurses in palliative care wards perceive hygiene care for patients at the end of life. Design A theory-generating qualitative study based on the grounded theory approach. Methods Eighteen nurses working in palliative care wards were recruited through purpos...

Boron Nitride-Dispersed Calcium Borohydride Tetrahydrofuran Composite Electrolytes for Solid-State Calcium Batteries

Abstract All-solid-state calcium-metal batteries have gained significant interest due to their advantages of low reduction potential, high energy capacity, and promising resource availability by using the Ca-metal anode. To date, hydrides have attracted attention as solid electro...

Artificial Externality: A Three-Layer Model of Reality from Substrate to Smart Contract

What is real has always been something we find , not something we make —or so philosophy has assumed. This paper argues otherwise. Characterizing reality through resistance rather than substance (the ways the world refuses a subject’s mastery), I distinguish three modalities corr...

Optimizing safety and efficacy of asparaginase and blinatumomab therapy in frontline acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens in diverse health care settings—international expert consensus

Frontline blinatumomab combined with chemotherapy has resulted in improved outcomes in both pediatric and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is considered the new cornerstone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. The role of asparaginase in this new landsca...

Synthetic Study of Mitchellene F by Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction

Mitchellenes, isolated from shrubs of the genus Eremophila in Australia, comprise a unique family of sesquiterpenoids, characterized by two, three, or four cyclic systems. The tricyclic mitchellene F was first reported by Greatrex in 2018. In pursuit of the total synthesis of mit...

Development of a Conformational Sampling Method for Transition State Structures With Diverse Active Bond Lengths

We describe TStrail, a transition state (TS) conformational sampling tool that automatically generates TS conformers without fixing the bond forming/breaking distance of an initial TS structure. Conventionally, the conformations of TS structures were searched with the fixed lengt...

Parathyroid hormone exposure frequency regulates spatiotemporal coupling during bone remodeling in a functional bone model

Abstract Bone homeostasis is maintained by coupling, in which osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is followed by osteoblast-mediated bone formation at the same site. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), including the PTH(1-34) analog, exerts distinct anabolic and catabolic effects on bone...

Comparative in vivo evaluation of colistin resistance determinants in Escherichia coli clone ST131

Background Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections. Health risks associated with colistin resistance are commonly inferred from resistance phenotypes, despite limited in vivo evidence linking resistance determinants to pathog...

Monitoring and Human Health Assessment of Trace Elements in Fresh and Dry Fish From Lake Kariba, Siavonga, Zambia

This study investigated the levels of trace elements in two fish species, Kariba bream (Oreochromis mortimeri) and Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) from Lake Kariba in two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022. Both Kariba Bream fresh/sun-dried muscle and sun-dried Kapenta tissues were d...

Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding

GOALS: We identified prognostic factors for mortality after Suspected small bowel bleeding (SSBB) and evaluated the impact of severe anemia and other clinical factors on patient survival. BACKGROUND: SSBB is characterized by an inability to identify the cause of bleeding despite...

Decoupling Electronic Activation and Pore Connectivity in Acidic Oxygen Reduction on Metal‐Free Biomass‐Derived Carbon Catalysts

Acidic oxygen reduction is often discussed as if catalytic activation and mass transport were inseparable. Here, biomass‐derived carbon was used to examine these contributions through oxidation, ammonia annealing, and KOH activation. The onset potential is associated primarily wi...

Development of a two-step cross-cultivar grape quality prediction model using outdoor hyperspectral imaging in three grape cultivars: Rondo, Zweigelt, and Kerner

Sensing technologies that are independent of berry-color variation across grape cultivars, particularly under varying environmental stress conditions, are crucial for advancing precision viticulture. This study developed a two-step cross-cultivar quality prediction model for thre...

Humidity‐Guided In Situ Polymerization for Controlled Formation of Smooth, Oriented Covalent Organic Framework Films

Efficient, reliable preparation of high-quality films of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is essential for fully exploring the potential of this class of porous crystalline compounds in, for example, sensing and catalysis. To this end, in situ polymerization on substrates offer...