Duke University

Retinal and Choroidal Structure and Microvasculature in Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer Disease

Purpose: To compare retinal and choroidal structural and microvascular imaging parameters between patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and those with Alzheimer disease using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this cross-sectional study,...

Randomised phase III trials of cancer prevention drugs: a systematic review and prediction of trial success

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological cancer risk reduction has received far less investment than therapeutic oncology and only a few agents have entered routine practice. Understanding the predictors of positive outcomes of previous trials and issues faced is critical to future developmen...

Error Analysis of Generalized Langevin Equations with Approximated Memory Kernels

Abstract. We analyze prediction error in stochastic dynamical systems with memory, focusing on generalized Langevin equations formulated as stochastic Volterra equations. We establish that, under a strongly convex potential, trajectory discrepancies decay at a rate determined by...

Optimal Federated Learning for Nonparametric Regression with Heterogeneous Distributed Differential Privacy Constraints

This paper studies federated learning for nonparametric regression in the context of distributed samples across different servers, each adhering to distinct differential privacy constraints. The setting we consider is heterogeneous, encompassing both varying sample sizes and diff...

Development of a STEAP1-targeted prostate cancer specific antibody drug conjugate platform with immunostimulatory properties

Background: Patients with prostate cancer who develop androgen pathway modulation resistant (APMR) disease face lethal outcomes despite advances in androgen receptor-pathway inhibitors, chemotherapy, and PSMA-directed radioligands. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrate...

Well-posedness and singularity formation beyond the Yudovich class

We introduce a local-in-time existence and uniqueness class for solutions to the 2d Euler equation with unbounded vorticity. Furthermore, we show that solutions belonging to this class can develop stronger singularities in finite time, meaning that they experience finite time blo...

Estrogen promotes tumor phenotypes in ER+ and ER– breast cancer through UGDH-GPR30

Estrogen can promote aggressive tumor phenotypes in estrogen receptor–positive (ER + ) breast cancer; however, ER – cell lines are not widely considered estrogen responsive. Noncanonical estrogen-stimulated pathways such as the membrane-bound G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (...

Social norms and technology engagement in later life: An experimental study

While previous studies have focused on the importance of self-efficacy and usefulness for willingness to engage with and learn about technology, this study tests whether social norms about the role of elderly people in modern society impact older adults’ intentions to learn about...

Machine Learning Guided Discovery of Microbiome Metabolites That Inhibit HDAC

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a family of key epigenetic regulator implicated in inflammation, metabolism, and cancer. Microbiome metabolites can modulate host histone acetylation, yet systematic identification of metabolites that target HDAC remains limited. Here we pre...

Radiology considerations for the PREMIUM study: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of abbreviated MRI versus ultrasound for liver cancer screening in cirrhosis

Abstract This paper describes the rationale and radiology considerations in the implementation of the Preventing Liver Cancer Mortality through Imaging with Ultrasound versus MRI (PREMIUM) study. PREMIUM is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial sponsored by the Department of...

Unmet Pet Caregiving Needs are Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among People Living with HIV

People living with HIV (PLWH) experience disproportionately high rates of depression and anxiety. Human–animal interactions (HAI), particularly through pet ownership, may provide emotional support and companionship; however, the human–animal bond can be threatened by structural a...

Development and Assessment of Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate-Embedded Metalloporphyrin for Phosphorescence Lifetime-Based In Vivo Monitoring of Oxygen Tension

Abstract The timely detection of ischemia is crucial for enhancing outcomes in reconstructive surgery. This study presents the development and in vivo evaluation of a metalloporphyrin-based phosphorescence lifetime oxygen sensor embedded in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA...

Explainable 3D multi-scale movement quantification automates motor assessments and estimates Parkinson’s disease duration

Abstract Quantitative assessment of motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains limited, particularly in tracking how deficits evolve over time. Current bedside scoring systems, including the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS),...

Self-regulatory strategy use in exam preparation: reflection and automaticity shape successful self-regulation

In a preregistered reanalysis of two longitudinal studies (N = 200, N = 294), we examined students’ self-regulation during exam preparation. Assessments included a baseline, twice-weekly measures over two weeks, a fourth-week questionnaire, and (in Study 2) a follow-up on exam gr...

Immunosuppression in vascularized composite allotransplantation

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) restores form and function after disfiguring tissue loss with the required need for lifelong immunosuppression for a non-life-saving indication, creating a distinct risk-benefit ratio compared to other solid orga...

Assessing Emergency Clinicians' Needs From Trauma Clinical Guidance: A Mixed-Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: In the United States, emergency clinicians are often the first to care for injured patients in the hospital setting. Current trauma clinical guidance does not consistently meet the needs of emergency clinicians caring for this population. OBJECTIVES: To better underst...

Decision Analysis to Inform Screening of the Young: An Interactive Newborn Screening Model

Decision analytic models that project the outcomes of population-based newborn screening compared with clinical identification can inform newborn screening policymaking. A flexible decision analytic model that could be adapted for the many and growing number of conditions being c...

CDK8 phosphorylation of DELLA limits Mediator recruitment in gibberellin signaling

Gibberellin (GA) promotes plant growth primarily by triggering degradation of DELLA transcription regulators, yet how DELLA activity is fine-tuned dynamically by phosphorylation independently of proteolysis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the CDK8 kinase module of t...

MeTime: An R package for reproducible longitudinal metabolomics data analysis

Abstract MeTime is an opensource R package for reproducible analysis of longitudinal metabolomics data. It builds upon a central S4 container, metime_analyser, that stores multiple datasets, associated metadata and analysis outputs, enabling unified handling of complex longitudin...

Genomic signatures of selection are enriched in differentially expressed genes in sticklebacks adapting to contrasting environments

Abstract Whole genome scans have identified numerous adaptive alleles in many species; however, linking these alleles to specific phenotypes remains a major challenge. A promising alternative to direct genotype–phenotype mapping, particularly given the complexities introduced by...