Duke University

A spatially discretized convolutional neural mass model for studying meso-scale spatio-temporal transformations in the rat hippocampus

The brain operates across multiple spatial and temporal scales, necessitating computationally efficient models that link micro-scale mechanisms to meso- and macro-scale dynamics. Here, we introduce a novel convolutional neural mass model (CNMM) that computes the meso-scale activi...

Illegal firearms markets: Transaction patterns, evolving sources, and importance in criminal misuse

In the United States, the legal status of the 30 to 40 million annual firearms transactions is defined by state and federal regulations. These regulations primarily aim to reduce criminal misuse while preserving access for the large majority of adults who lack a serious criminal...

Natural Killer Cell Phenotypic Changes and Activating Receptor Loss Posttrauma

BACKGROUND: Trauma induces significant physiological changes that can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Many of these changes alter immune homeostasis, which underlies seemingly disparate syndromes of systemic inflammation and global immune suppression, the causes of w...

Suzetrigine as Part of Multimodal Therapy Enables Opioid-Free Recovery after Laparoscopic or Arthroscopic Procedures

Suzetrigine, a non-opioid voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (Na V 1.8) pain signal inhibitor with no addiction potential, is approved in the USA for moderate-to-severe acute pain. In this phase 4, single-arm study, suzetrigine (100 mg preoperatively, then 50 mg every 12 h) was adm...

Longitudinal evaluation of sleep disturbances in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Abstract Purpose The current study examines longitudinal changes in sleep disturbances and the risks they pose for new-onset health conditions in survivors of childhood cancer. Methods Five-year survivors ( N = 1081; median [range] age 50.0 [45.2–55.0] years) and siblings ( N = 2...

Using insertable cardiac monitors to test determinants of heart rate and activity in captive baboons

Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) provide fine-grained, continuous data on cardiac activity. These data have great potential to reveal individual physiology, energetics, and stress responses, with implications for animal health, cognition, welfare, and conservation. However, the...

LLM-based cell type annotation harmonization across single-cell studies using GCTHarmony

A major challenge in integrating previously analyzed single-cell RNA-seq studies is the inconsistency of cell type annotations. To address this, we developed GCTHarmony, an LLM-based method for harmonizing cell type annotations across single-cell studies. Utilizing OpenAI's text...

Activation of the angiotensin II type I receptor by a nonpeptide agonist

The angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) is a G protein–coupled receptor that regulates the cardiovascular system and as a result is one of the most successful pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension. Within the angiotensin receptor pharmacological landscape, a...

“She cannot use these methods before she has at least one child”: a qualitative study on family planning attitudes, knowledge, and experiences among adolescent girls and young women living with HIV in Moshi, Tanzania

Abstract Background Each year, about half of pregnancies in adolescents (15–19 years of age) are unintended, and the rate of adolescent pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa is twice the global rate. Adolescent pregnancies have similar social determinants as those of HIV acquisition, r...

CMV-specific clonal expansion in human Th1 and GZMK⁺ CD8⁺ T cells

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus that establishes lifelong latency and becomes increasingly prevalent with age. To systematically delineate CMV-associated immune remodeling at single-cell resolution, we analysed six human cohorts (including two newly established coho...

The association of corporate measures and health management initiatives with employee engagement in Japanese companies

Using data from 2,502 companies in Japan’s Health and Productivity Management Survey, this study examined determinants of employee engagement and corporate success. Regression analysis showed that hourly paid leave (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07–1.56) and communic...

Sleep MAPP: a decision support tool for guideline-concordant sleep care in the polytrauma/traumatic brain injury system of care

OBJECTIVE: First, to summarize the development of Sleep MAPP, a decision support tool designed to facilitate guideline-concordant sleep disorder care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Polytrauma/Traumatic Brain Injury System of Care (PSC). Second, to assess usability, a...

The pharmacogGENEtics in Youth Depression (GENE-YD) study for personalizing antidepressant pharmacotherapy for young Western Australians – A feasibility study

Abstract Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing to guide antidepressant prescribing is becoming increasingly available. However, its uptake into routine psychiatric practice for young people remains limited due to insufficient youth-specific evidence and uncertainty regarding optimal tria...

Probiotic-Associated Invasive Infection Among Preterm Infants

This cohort study examines the incidence of invasive bacterial infection associated with probiotic supplementation among preterm infants.