Duke University

A Mammalian Surface Display Platform to Optimize the Antigenicity of Viral Proteins

Abstract Vaccine development often involves modifying native viral proteins to enhance their stability and antigenicity, as seen in approved Covid-19 vaccines and multiple HIV vaccine candidates currently under investigation. High throughput screening on the surface of mammalian...

Human trilayer engineered blood vessel reveals influence of fibroblasts on disease progression in model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria

In vitro models of vascular disease have focused primarily on the pathophysiology of smooth muscle cell (SMC) or endothelial cell (EC). Adventitial fibroblasts can contribute to disease progression, but their specific influence is not well understood in different disease contexts...

AASLD EXPO: Liver biopsy

Background: Liver biopsy is a foundational tool in hepatology, providing direct histologic assessment of hepatic parenchyma. Although noninvasive approaches have substantially reduced the need for biopsy in practice, it continues to play a critical role in diagnosis, staging, and...

Future in- and out-of-state air pollutant emissions under decarbonization pathways for Massachusetts

Many U.S. states have adopted the goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the coming decades. Pathways for achieving these targets would likely yield a reduction of air pollutant emissions as well. We assess several state-level decarbonization pathways for Massachusetts, including...

Do Children Who Develop Faster Go on to Age Faster in Midlife?

We quantified the association between rate of child development and pace of midlife aging in the Dunedin Study and the Add Health Study. Physical development was quantified in Dunedin participants ( N = 1,037; age 45) using a composite comprised of (1) birth weight for gestationa...

Patient Perspectives on Leveraging Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Visits to Improve Chronic Disease Care

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treatment of HIV requires more frequent healthcare interactions than standard care, offering opportunities to enhance monitoring and management of comorbid chronic conditions among people with HIV (PWH). We conducted i...

Exploratory Analysis of APOE ε4-Stratified Associations Between Plasma Alzheimer's Biomarkers and Retinal Imaging Metrics in Cognitively Normal Adults

Purpose: Retinal imaging offers a noninvasive window into microvascular and neurodegenerative changes, yet its relationship to circulating plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains incompletely understood. We evaluated associations between plasma AD biomarkers and ret...

Postoperative Opioid Use Prediction Calculator Performance in Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery

Importance Postoperative opioid overprescription contributes to the opioid epidemic. Objective To expand and validate a gynecologic oncology–developed postoperative opioid use prediction calculator in a diverse surgical population and evaluate whether it could be modified for pre...

Central Bank Economic Transparency and Managerial Learning

Abstract Central banks increasingly disclose their private information regarding the economy’s current and future state (CBET). Consistent with CBET shifting investors’ collection and pricing of aggregate-level (where managers do not have an information advantage) toward firm-lev...

Parental Stigma and “Good Parenting” in Child and Adolescent Mental Health

OBJECTIVE: Parents of children with mental health problems often experience judgment about their parenting. Such stigma is associated with lower parental well-being and greater child symptom severity. Theory-driven descriptions of and interventions for parental stigma are limited...

Development of insulin resistance in women over the menopause transition

BACKGROUND. Body weight and insulin resistance in women increase in midlife. It is not known whether this is driven by the menopause transition or solely by chronological aging. We aimed to determine the role of the menopause transition and menopause-related BMI changes in the de...

Inpatient Pediatric-to-Adult Transition of Care Consultation Delivery: A Mixed-Methods Study

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated an inpatient transition consultation (ITC) for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic conditions and their caregivers admitted to the hospital to assess ITC content, evaluate how it addressed transition concerns, determine its impact, and identif...

Evaluation of Intervention Strategies to Improve Follow-Up Colonoscopy After Abnormal FIT/FOBT Result

Importance Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Early detection through screenings has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality. While fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or fecal occult blood test (FOBT) are established cost-effective scr...

Ethical and design considerations related to automated, confidential HIV testing invitations: insights from senders and recipients of SMS-based HIV testing invitations in Tanzania

Abstract Background Identifying individuals with undiagnosed HIV remains a global challenge. Mobile health (mHealth) approaches that leverage social networks hold potential to increase HIV testing uptake but also raise ethical considerations. Methods We conducted a qualitative st...

Associations between maternal age at first birth and parenting behaviour among migrant and displaced mothers on the Thailand-Myanmar border

Background Early parenthood is an established risk factor for poor maternal and child outcomes. Research on the association between maternal age at first birth and parenting behaviour remains limited in displacement contexts in low- and middle-income countries, despite the high p...

Towards understanding the benefits of shellfish aquaculture for U.S. coastal communities: Demographics, spatial concentration, and localness of leaseholders

Shellfish aquaculture in the U.S. is increasingly promoted as a climate-resilient, low-impact, and economically beneficial form of protein production that supports local and sustainable food systems. Yet, the development of marine resources can result in the marginalization of wo...

Association of Anxiety and Depression with Mortality in Rural Nepal: A 16-Year Longitudinal Community Cohort Study

Background: Common mental health conditions are associated with increased mortality, but longitudinal evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. We aimed to examine whether baseline depression and anxiety were associated with all-cause mortality over...

Children from six cultures reliably help their peers—but in different ways

Helping others is an integral part of human sociality, but systematic cross-cultural comparisons of children’s helping behavior are rare. Existing work has mainly focused on interactions between adults and children, paying less attention to peer dynamics—which are more relevant i...

Sound Enforcement of Dynamic Release Information Flow Policy

Information flow analysis is the de facto method of assessing confidentiality and integrity issues. However, the widespread adoption of information flow analysis in real-world systems is still lacking, partly due to a fundamental gap between theory and practice: the dynamic natur...

Assessing and Addressing Frailty in Candidates for Lung Transplantation: An ISHLT Consensus Statement.

The ISHLT Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates recommends frailty assessment as part of a comprehensive candidacy evaluation. Missing from this and other recent consensus documents were practical recommendations on which frailty measures to consider...