Chinese Academy of Sciences

Semi-automated strain engineering and screening in the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila for recombinant protein production

ABSTRACT Thermophilic filamentous fungi are widely used for cellulase production at elevated temperatures; however, efficient recombinant protein production in these organisms remains limited because construction and screening of large transformant populations remain difficult. H...

Boosting the Critical Current Densities With BaTiO 3 Doping in Single‐Domain GdBCO Bulks by TSMG Technique

ABSTRACT In this study, we employed commercial NdBCO single crystals as seeds and utilized the conventional top‐seeded melt growth (TSMG) method to fabricate GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐δ (GdBCO) bulk samples, incorporating trace amounts (0.1 wt%) of micro‐ and nano‐sized BaTiO 3 (BTO) parti...

In situ real-time determination of SO 2 photochemical oxidation in nanoscale sea salt aerosols based on dark-field microscopy

Abstract. Heterogeneous reaction processes of aerosols play an important role in air quality and climate change. However, the lack of in-situ measurements of single-nanoparticle reactions results in large uncertainties in modeling the nanoparticle reaction kinetics. The study int...

Cryo-EM structures of Cdr1 reveal snapshots of substrate transport and diverse inhibitor recognition

In Candida albicans —a World Health Organization fungal priority pathogen—overexpression of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding cassette transporter Cdr1 drives multidrug resistance. We present seven cryo–electron microscopy structures capturing substrate entry and expulsion...

Role of BSA adsorption in the evolution of polyimide coating performance

Polyimide (PI) encapsulation for implantable electronic devices (IEDs) must resist complex in vivo microenvironments, and its reliability directly determines device service life. However, existing PI coating research has focused primarily on single performance optimization, lacki...

Identification and characterization of ethR and ethA genes impacting the sensitivity of Mycobacterium abscessus to ethionamide

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium with rising global incidence. This pathogen exhibits intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics, presenting a major public health threat. Ethionamide (ETH) requires bioactivation by monooxygenase Et...

Synchronously considering spatial dependence and temporal persistence into a deep learning based method for improving soil moisture spatial resolution

Accurate high-resolution soil moisture (SM) data are essential for understanding land–atmosphere interactions and supporting hydrological applications. However, soil moisture dynamics are inherently shaped by coupled spatial heterogeneity and temporal memory effects, requiring mo...

Fiber Electronics: Integrating Logic, Photodetection, and Wireless Communication on a Single Optical Fiber

Abstract Optical fibers underpin the global information infrastructure, yet their role has remained largely passive—restricted to guiding light rather than processing it. Signal modulation, detection, and logic operations are still performed by external chips, imposing fundamenta...

Genomic predisposition is associated with the direction of sex chromosome evolution

Sex chromosome evolution is among the most dynamic genomic innovations in vertebrates, yet why some lineages evolve XY while others evolve ZW remains unclear. Using chromosome-level genomes from 19 geckos, we found that gecko sex chromosomes originated independently from 16 ances...

A Time-of-Flight Neutron Backscattering Spectrometer at the China Spallation Neutron Source: Principle, Design, and Its Prospects

The quasielastic neutron scattering technique is an indispensable tool for probing microscopic dynamics in condensed matter at the nanoscale. However, the lack of a high-resolution spectrometer has restricted comprehensive studies of dynamics in China. To address this gap, a new...

Perchloric acid (HClO 4 ) drives atmospheric new particle formation enhanced by dimethylamine, ammonia and sulfuric acid: mechanisms and implications

Abstract. Recent studies have revealed observations of atmospheric perchloric acid (HClO4, PA) in the Arctic. There are few studies of PA forming aerosol particles in coastal marine regions. We use quantum chemical calculations and Atmospheric Clusters Dynamic Code (ACDC) to comp...

Trophic transfer of silver nanoparticles in a detritus-based food chain within a karst stream: A comparative study of direct exposure versus trophic transfer

The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has led to their substantial release into aquatic ecosystems, yet their ecological risks within detritus-based food chains remain poorly understood. This study constructed a model detrital food chain— Pterocarya stenoptera leaf l...

Divergent Proton-Buffering Processes and Acidification Risks in Permanent and Variable-Charge Soils

Soil acidification threatens agroecosystems, yet the coupled, soil-specific proton-buffering mechanisms in permanent-charge soils (PCSs) and variable-charge soils (VCSs) remain insufficiently quantified. This study systematically investigated surface cation exchange, vacant site...

Dual General Position in Lexicographic Products with a Complete First Factor

Let G be a nonempty finite simple graph. For every m ≥ 2, we prove gp_d(K_m ∘ G) = m q_2(G), where q_2(G) is the maximum size of a set A ⊆ V(G) for which both G[A] and G[V(G) ∖ A] are complete, and set q_2(G) = 0 if no such set exists. This resolves a previously posed problem con...

Wave Energy Conversion Performance of an OWC System with Coupled Pneumatic Damping

Improving the conversion of incident wave energy into useful pneumatic power requires a clear understanding of the coupling among floating body motions, internal water column oscillation, air compression, and pneumatic damping in oscillating water column (OWC) systems. In this st...

PRISM: Feature-Guided Hierarchical Inpainting for Dual-Band Infrared Defective Pixel Clusters

This paper presents a feature-level defective pixel cluster (DPC) correction method specifically designed for dual-band infrared detectors. Due to inherent manufacturing limitations, antimonide-based type-II superlattice (T2SL) focal plane arrays (FPAs) commonly suffer from DPC i...

Template‐Assisted Patterning for Ultrahigh‐Resolution Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes: Fundamentals, Strategies, and Perspectives

ABSTRACT Colloidal quantum dot (QD) patterns serve as the emissive layers for ultrahigh‐resolution QD light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), where their structural and morphological quality directly governs device efficiency, color purity, and luminous uniformity for advanced display app...

Decoupling Chemo‐Mechanical Failure for Robust Li‐Rich Cathodes

ABSTRACT Despite being renowned for their high specific capacity, Li‐rich Mn‐based layered cathodes (LRMs) are constrained by severe capacity degradation and structural deterioration during cycling. The persistent focus on chemical failure, driven by irreversible anionic redox an...

Unveiling the nexus between products and influential countries in the multi-layer trade network of global lithium battery

Amid the accelerating global transition to renewable energy and the surge in electric vehicle adoption, ensuring the stability of the lithium battery supply chain has become a critical priority. This study explores the complex relationships between products and influential countr...

Anisotropy of Satellite Galaxies. I. Contrasting Correlations with Central Galaxy, Host Halo, and Large-scale Filament Structures

Abstract Using the SIMBA, EAGLE, and IllustrisTNG-100 galaxy formation simulations, we examine the anisotropy of the satellite distribution and its dependencies on central galaxies, host halos, and cosmic filaments. We find that in all simulations, the satellite anisotropy is rob...