Research works

Oral nano-delivery of a gut microbial metabolite enhances T cell stemness for cancer immunotherapy

Gut microbial metabolites play crucial roles in regulating systemic immunity, but their mechanisms and limited drug-like properties remain unresolved. Here we report an oral nano-formulation that leverages gut microbial metabolites to modulate T cell metabolism and amplify antitu...

Nuclear activities and interactome of the NS5 protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus

Orthoflaviviruses are RNA viruses responsible for significant diseases in humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife. Their NS5 protein is central in viral replication, functioning both as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a methyltransferase, while also modulating cellular pro...

Deep learning-based prediction of self-energies from ab initio dynamical mean-field theory for real materials with minimal data sets

Abstract Density-functional theory (DFT) has been the workhorse of first-principles calculations for decades, and DFT-derived energies and forces are now widely used to train machine learning models of inter-atomic potentials. However, DFT’s single-particle treatment of exchange-...

Automatic value learning results in counterproductive human behavior

Abstract Humans are adept at accurately estimating the value of available choices from accumulated experience. However, cognitive processing also incorporates irrelevant information during deliberation, undermining decision accuracy. Here, we show that credit assignment operates...

Evidence for the acquisition of a proteorhodopsin-like rhodopsin by a chrysophyte-infecting giant virus

ABSTRACT Chrysophytes are nanoflagellate protists widespread in aquatic ecosystems with diverse trophic roles as primary producers and bacterivores. Molecular evidence suggests that chrysophytes are commonly infected by giant viruses, but isolates of such virus-host systems have...

How illegal wildlife trade adheres to and defies conventional market behavior

Illegal wildlife markets comprise a complex global economy generating criminal profits while harming biodiversity and livelihoods. The negative externalities from biodiversity loss, ecosystem destabilization, and zoonotic disease risk may be orders of magnitude larger than the mu...

A descriptive analysis for the markets for counterfeit products

Product counterfeiting is a pervasive crime that involves the unauthorized use of a legitimate trademark, a violation of intellectual property rights. Counterfeiting is also one of many forms of global illicit trade, mirroring legitimate markets in structure and reach. Counterfei...

Stability and turbulence in illegal drug markets

This article provides a primer on illegal drug markets, with a focus on the structure and nature of these markets and the enterprises involved. The markets for illegal drugs are large, with annual retail expenditures likely exceeding $100 billion in the United States alone. Many...

Casting light on the workings of illegal fishing markets

About 3.5 million fishing vessels ply the world’s oceans, providing livelihoods and food for millions of people. Sound management is key to fisheries’ sustainability, but illegal fishing, along with fishing overcapacity generally and environmental change, are putting many fisheri...

Illegal firearms markets: Transaction patterns, evolving sources, and importance in criminal misuse

In the United States, the legal status of the 30 to 40 million annual firearms transactions is defined by state and federal regulations. These regulations primarily aim to reduce criminal misuse while preserving access for the large majority of adults who lack a serious criminal...

The policy construction of illegal markets: Exploring variation, success, failure, and unintended consequences

Illegal markets, broadly defined to include markets where only specific transactions are illegal, are the consequence of policy, either a prohibition or highly restrictive regulation. They are generated by a variety of concerns, some moral, some pragmatic. They are often tied to...

Robust out-of-distribution prediction of Buchwald–Hartwig reactions

Abstract The Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling is a cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical synthesis, yet predictive modeling of its outcomes remains constrained by data quality and chemical space coverage. Electronic laboratory notebooks contain heterogeneous, noisy records, while o...

Dynamic Low-Power Inference in Quaternary Tensor Accelerators

We propose Dynamic Low-Power (DLP) operational modes for modern GPU and 3D-stacked architectures based on topological pruning and bus asymmetry. Rather than operating at full symmetric connectivity and power consumption, we demonstrate that hardware designs can activate a seconda...

Towards The Mathematics of Autonomic Cognitive Organisation

Abstract This paper proposes a candidate mathematical basis for the autonomic layer of the Orchard Cognitive Framework. An earlier reduction identified six recurring primitives across seven coupled mechanisms: (P1) typed distinction and non-collapse; (P2) conservative differentia...

Finite Dilation Algebra of Round Euclidean B⁴/S³. Valuation Profiles: Exact Invariants, Homogeneous Gravity Closure, and Executed Null Tests

What if the homogeneous dark-sector problem could be reduced from an arbitrary function of cosmic scale to a finite algebra of geometrically admissible profiles, with exact invariants that can be tested directly against numerical cosmology? This work develops such a construction...

Memory General Relativity and the Geometric Evolution of Spacetime: Ricci Flow, Torsion, Polarization, Fiber-Bundle Dynamics, Einstein–Rosen Geometry, Vacuum Fluctuations, and the Return to a Parent-Spacetime Attractor

We formulate memory general relativity as a geometric–historical extension of spacetime dynamics based on three physical axioms: finite microscopic ontic definiteness, the physical reality of the spacetime–vacuum substrate, and persistent causal retarded coupling between finite s...

Life-threatening fetal goiter: diagnosis and outcomes in four consecutive cases with critical appraisal—why this diagnosis is not obviously trivial

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of a fetal goiter constitutes a potentially life-threatening in utero condition for the fetus. Even with early diagnosis and close therapy with highly specialized interdisciplinary management, the prognosis remains poor. We discuss diagnostic and therape...

Ground Vibration due to a Leaking Pipe: Uncertainties in Elastic Wave Propagation and Their Effects

Abstract This work investigates the propagation of elastic waves in soil induced by a leaking buried pipe, emphasizing the influence of uncertainty on ground-surface responses. The analysis is grounded in the underlying wave physics and employs a stochastic modelling framework to...

CLIMATE CHANGE AND LIVELIHOOD VULNERABILITY: ANALYZING RISKS AMONG ODISHA’S PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS (PVTGS)

<ns5:p>Background Climate change has become a major challenge for marginalized communities, particularly the 13 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Odisha, whose livelihoods depend heavily on forests and natural resources. Traditional activities such as shifting cult...

EVALUATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF OFF-GRID SOLAR POWER KIOSKS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR RURAL AREAS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

Lack of access to electricity is one of the major impediments to the growth and development of rural economies in developing countries like Nigeria. Energy in particular is critical in achieving virtually all the sustainable development goals; it can be used to support important...