Italian norms for two brief visuospatial tests: Qualitative Scoring Pentagon Test and Benton Judgment of Line Orientation - Short Form

Abstract

Visuospatial (VS) assessments, such as the pentagon copying task and the Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test (BJLOT), are essential for diagnosing brain disorders. This study provides Italian regression-based norms for the Qualitative Scoring Pentagon Test (QSPT) and BJLOT-Short Form (BJLOT-SF). Participants completed both tests. Normative data were derived via regression-based Equivalent Scores, adjusting for demographics. QSPT scores were predicted by age, whereas BJLOT-SF performance was influenced by age, education, and sex. Demographic adjustments, tolerance limits, and Equivalent Score thresholds were provided. This study provides Italian regression-based norms for the QSPT and BJLOT-SF, supporting their use to assess VS abilities.