Vanderbilt University

The circulating lipidome in severe obesity

Severe obesity (SevO; BMI ≥ 40 kg/m 2 ) is rising globally yet remains understudied mechanistically. To characterize lipidomic alterations at the species level, we analyzed Border Health Research Cohort participants with fasting plasma lipidomics and genetic data, comparing SevO...

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Implementing Guidelines into Practice

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, affecting up to 50% of patients. Early identification and management of DPN are crucial to minimize complications and maintain patient quality of life. Multiple guidelines have been develo...

Umpolung Amide Synthesis with Nitrosoalkane Electrophiles: Pursuit of the Elusive N -Acyl Nitrone for Dipolar Cycloadditions

Abstract Nitrones are reactive dipoles for cycloadditions that have been used for powerful alkene difunctionalization reactions, often stereocontrolled. Despite the wealth of knowledge generated over a half-century of study, reports of N-acyl nitrones are exceedingly rare, with l...

Epigenetic aging and transposon dysregulation reflect size-related lifespan compression in dogs

The extraordinary lifespan variation in domestic dogs provides a natural experiment for testing how intrinsic rates of biological aging shape lifespan. Using 1640 methylomes from 894 dogs, we developed an epigenetic clock that predicted mortality and demonstrated that epigenetic...

Individualized Treatment Effects of Cefepime vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Adults Hospitalized with Acute Infection

Abstract Rationale Among adults hospitalized with acute infection, a recent randomized trial observed no significant average treatment effect of cefepime versus piperacillin-tazobactam on acute kidney injury or death, but fewer days-alive-and-free-of delirium and coma with cefepi...

Epigenetic insights into extreme longevity in the world’s oldest terrestrial animal, Jonathan

Aldabra giant tortoises ( Aldabrachelys gigantea ) are exceptionally long-lived. We sequenced the genome and methylome of Jonathan, a 194-year-old Aldabra, to explore the molecular basis of his longevity. Relative to other giant tortoises ( A. gigantea and Chelonoidis abingdonii...

Directing the Labor Market: Shared Directors and Employee Flows

Abstract Using résumé data on over 20 million U.S. workers, we find that the flow of employees between a pair of firms sharply drops by about 20% during periods in which the firms share a board director. This relationship is stronger in settings where firms have greater potential...

Cognitive performance before and after a one-week medication washout in early-stage Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Cognitive deficits are often present in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may be differentially affected by dopaminergic therapy. Prior studies have relied on overnight OFF states, which may incompletely remove residual medication effects. Early-stage PD participa...

Peripheral Modernisms – Editor's Roundtable

Alys Moody and Stephen J. Ross are the editors of one of the most recent collection of modernist writings: Global Modernists on Modernism: An Anthology (Bloomsbury Academic, 2020). This collection features translations of works associated with modernism in Latin America, the Cari...

Smartphone-based mapping of home ignition zone attributes for wildland–urban interface fire risk assessment

Background Assessing home ignition zone attributes is essential for reducing wildfire risk in wildland–urban interface (WUI) communities; however, traditional satellite imagery often lacks sufficient spatial resolution and timely updates to capture localized fuel conditions near...

Projected environmental change relevant to whaling activities in Utqiaġvik, Alaska

The Arctic has experienced rapid change which is projected to continue through the 21st century. These environmental changes may impact traditional subsistence hunting activities including bowhead whale hunting. Here, we present the long term sea ice and wind changes over the 20t...

Integrating genetically predicted transcriptomic signatures with longitudinal real-world data for drug repurposing in Alzheimer’s disease

Drug repurposing offers a potential strategy to expand treatment options for conditions with limited therapies, but advancing repurposing candidates toward clinical implementation remains a challenge. Large-scale data, together with advanced genetic and epidemiological methods, m...

Ecological Momentary Assessment Reveals Greater Anxiety and Marked Instability of Urinary Urgency in Overactive Bladder

Abstract Introduction and Hypothesis Overactive bladder (OAB) is highly prevalent and frequently co-occurs with anxiety. Although cross-sectional studies associate anxiety and OAB symptoms, anxiety and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) vary in daily life. We applied ecological...

Measuring Long-Term Outcomes After Degenerative Spine Surgery: Is It Time for Something New? A Smartphone-Based Analysis of 60 753 Days of Objective Mobility Data.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: PROMs. METHODS: . Linear mixed-effects models evaluated mobility changes, expressed as SD units relative to baseline. Likewise, correlations between mobility and PROMs were performed, including: Oswestry Disability Index, Neck Disability Index, Visual A...

Generalized Nonlinear Bayesian Pulsar Timing with ENTERPRISE

Abstract We use the Bayesian methods in the ENTERPRISE package to examine the fully general parameterization of pulsar timing models in tandem with noise. We investigate four pulsars, PSRs J1600–3053, J2043+1711, J0740+6620, and J1640+2224, through the lens of Bayesian timing. We...

Agentic AI—Physicist Collaboration in Experimental Particle Physics: A Proof-of-Concept Measurement with LEP Open Data

We present an agentic measurement of the thrust distribution in \(e^+e^-\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=91.2\) GeV using ALEPH archived data. This work was carried out through an AI agent–physicist collaboration, using interactive natural-language prompting of Anthropic Claude and Op...

Conditional Mutant MAPT Overexpression in Neural Organoids Elicits Robust Tau Accumulation and Pathological Transcriptomic Responses

Abstract Modeling neurodegenerative conditions in neural organoids presents a potential complement to existing preclinical translation pipelines. Prior neural organoid models have generally relied on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines containing disease-relevant all...

Intraoperative Goal-Directed Perfusion Improves Outcomes in Left Ventricular Assist Device Explant Heart Transplantation

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) explant heart transplantation represents a metabolically vulnerable population with an increased risk for renal failure and mortality. Oxygen extraction ratio (O 2 ER), which integrates oxygen delivery and tissue oxygen demand, may provide a...

Rehabilitative and Conditioning Exercises That Selectively Activate Individual Lower Extremity Muscles: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT: Resistance training - the process of progressively overloading muscle fibers - is fundamental to muscle hypertrophy. People may benefit from intentional exercise prescription targeting selective muscle activation. There is a lack of synthesized literature on exercises ta...

Diagnostic yield and outcomes of hand surgery referrals to rheumatology

ABSTRACT Background: Hand and upper extremity complaints frequently prompt evaluation for systemic inflammatory conditions, leading surgeons to refer patients to rheumatology. However, referral patterns are highly variable and not standardized, and access to rheumatologic care is...