University of Virginia

Dynamically biased microcanonical treatment of HCl dissociative chemisorption on Au(111) yields thermal associative desorption dynamics by detailed balance

A dynamically biased microcanonical transition state theory model of HCl dissociative chemisorption on Au(111) was recently developed for Shirhatti et al.'s [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 1346 (2016)] non-equilibrium supersonic molecular beam experiments where normal translational ener...

The Sun Shining in a Mirror: Poetic Knowing in ʿIrāqī’s Lamaʿāt

Abstract This article argues that the form of a text matters as much as, if not more than, its content. Using Fakhr al-Din ‘Irāqī’s Lamaʿāt ( Divine Flashes ) as a case study, this article explores the significance of the poetic form and the role of the reader/listener in interpr...

Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Tumors: Forces Beyond Fibroblasts

Aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in tumors is characterized by altered deposition, enzymatic cross-linking, degradation, and organization of matrix molecules that in turn can contribute directly to tumor invasiveness, immune evasion, and resistance to therapy. Tradi...

Management strategies in endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study

Background/aims Standardised treatment guidelines for endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) are lacking. The purpose of this study is to describe treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of eyes with EFE. Methods Retrospective cohort study performed at eight academic institut...

Anatomy-aware, label-informed approach improves image registration for challenging datasets

Abstract Image registration-based volumetric morphometrics have emerged as a valuable method for identifying subtle morphological differences in neuroimaging and other biomedical images. However, accurate registration out-of-the-box remains challenging when overt morphological ph...

Energy Expenditure During Walking in Adults: Impact of Body Mass Index and Sex

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if the linear and nonlinear coefficients of the energy expenditure-walking speed relationship are influenced by body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 ) and sex. Methods: Participants (n=182; 96 females) ages 18-60 yr walked at 0.89 m/s (2.0...

Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors contribute to the accelerated development of enhanced motivation for cocaine in female rats

RATIONALE: The telescoping effect, where females progress more rapidly than males from initial drug use to developing a substance use disorder, is a widely cited sex/gender difference, yet its molecular basis remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To test whether calcium-permeable AMPA rec...

Instrumental activities of daily living in older adults with epilepsy: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal multicenter study

OBJECTIVE: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) represent a critical but understudied measure of day-to-day function in people with epilepsy (PWE). In the multicenter Brain Aging and Cognition in Epilepsy (BrACE) study of PWE ≥55 years of age, we examined the proportio...

Affine and Cyclotomic Schur Categories

Abstract Using the affine web category introduced in a prequel as a building block, we formulate a diagrammatic $$\Bbbk $$ k -linear monoidal category, the affine Schur category , for any commutative ring $$\Bbbk $$ k . We then formulate the cyclotomic Schur categories . Integral...

EXPRESS: Brain pericytes bridge and constrict capillaries in a streptozotocin diabetes mouse model

Diabetes is an established driver of microvascular disease, causing complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. However, the mechanisms whereby diabetes disrupts brain microvascular function remain poorly understood. Diabetes is strongly associated with cognit...

Removing the fine print: Disclosure, standardized products, and consumer outcomes

Hidden fees can distort consumer decision-making. In response, regulators historically have (a) improved disclosure to make fees more salient or (b) standardized products to restrict what fees can be charged. We use Chilean administrative data and a multi-stage natural experiment...

Longitudinal Iron Changes in the Substantia Nigra of Early‐Stage Parkinson's Disease

BACKGROUND: Progression of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) iron content in early-stage Parkinson's patients (PD) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine if nigral iron measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with zero-referencing can track disease progres...

Surface Thermal State, Antecedent Hydroclimate, and Post-Fire Vegetation–Water Response in the Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Source Environmental Time-Series Analysis

Wildfire in African savannas reflects coupled surface thermal, hydroclimatic, vegetation, and disturbance processes, but basin-scale time-series analyses can overstate mechanisms when temporal dependence and spatial heterogeneity are ignored. We assembled a monthly 2003–2024 mult...

Mapping the nuclear environments of extreme coronal line emitting galaxies

Abstract Extreme coronal line emitters (ECLEs) are a rare class of galactic nuclei exhibiting unusually strong high-ionisation forbidden emission lines, and several ECLEs have been linked to tidal disruption events (TDEs). In this work, we compile and analyse optical spectra of 3...

Omic risk scores are associated with COPD-related traits across three cohorts

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibits marked heterogeneity in lung function decline, mortality, exacerbations, and other disease-related outcomes. Omic risk scores (ORS) estimate the cumulative contribution of omics, such as the transcriptome, proteome...

Prospective outcomes of adults with speciated Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, 2021-2026

Abstract Rationale Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) is clinically heterogeneous and carries diverse outcomes. Objectives To describe predictors of clinical progression of MAC-LD in a state-wide cohort. Methods We enrolled adults with MAC-LD from across Virginia,...

Differential analysis of image-based chromatin tracing data with Dory

Spatial organization of the genome plays a vital role in defining cell identity and regulating gene expression. The three-dimensional (3D) genome structure can be measured by sequencing-based techniques such as Hi-C usually on the cell population level or by imaging-based techniq...

Machine learning analysis of COVID-19 transmission dynamics demographic risk and contact tracing outcomes in Nigeria

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to developing countries like Nigeria due to limited resources. Accurate prediction of disease spread is crucial for effective containment measures. This study investigates the application of statistical and machine l...

Perplexity as a metric for isoform diversity in the human transcriptome

-an interpretable measure derived from entropy-that quantifies the effective number of isoforms per gene based on the full, unfiltered isoform ratio distribution. Calculating perplexity for 124 ENCODE4 PacBio LRS datasets spanning 55 human cell types, we show that it provides int...

Molecular basis of nick ligation in the nucleosome by DNA Ligase IIIα

Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into chromatin through a fundamental repeating unit known as the nucleosome core particle. Within this chromatin context, genomic DNA is constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous stress that result in the formation of DNA damage, which must...