University of Virginia

Propensity-matched case control study of anti-interleukin-23 therapies in Clostridioides difficile Infection

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile infection remains a major cause of infectious morbidity and mortality, largely driven by a dysregulated, toxin-mediated host immune response that current pathogen-targeted therapies fail to address. Interleukin-23-driven Th17 responses...

Policy Window as a Trapdoor: Rethinking the Multiple Streams Framework through the Defunding of U.S. Public Media

This article analyses the 2025 defunding of U.S. public media as a critical case to revisit Kingdon’s multiple streams framework (MSF). While MSF offers a useful heuristic for understanding policy change through the convergence of problem, policy, and political streams, its expla...

Intra-abdominal Bowel Dilation in Experimental Gastroschisis Is Associated With a Modifiable Transcriptomic Program of Intestinal Dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To characterize intestinal transcriptional profiles in gastroschisis, their temporal evolution, and response to fetal intervention. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Gastroschisis causes significant intestinal dysfunction, with intra-abdominal bowel dilation clinically shown to...

Assessment of Bicycle–Vehicle Conflicts in Digital-Twin Environment with Various Levels of Connectivity

Intersections present considerable safety risks for bicyclists, where road space shared with vehicles frequently triggers conflicts. Although connected technologies promise safety benefits, they may trigger additional stress and adverse behavioral changes, making it important to...

Prospective Detection of Hypoglycemia and Near-Hypoglycemia Inducing Pressure-Induced Sensor Attenuation Onset in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Time Series

BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors are vulnerable to pressure-induced sensor attenuations (PISAs). Pressure-induced sensor attenuations are characterized by a rapid but erroneous drop in blood glucose (BG) readings, and if these BG readings are hypoglycemic o...

The impact of work from home on urban expansion: a GIS simulation via an intelligent self-adapting multiscale agent-based model

Urban land use is increasingly shaped by evolving work modalities, particularly the rise of Work from Home (WFH) arrangements. This study introduces a hybrid Artificial Neural Network – Agent-Based Modeling (ANN – ABM) framework to simulate urban expansion under differentiated wo...

Aggregation behavior and intraspecific interactions among ring-necked snakes

Sociality, broadly defined as the property or tendency of a species to live in groups with conspecifics for at least part of their life cycle, has convergently evolved multiple times. While there has historically been a dearth of research on sociality in squamate reptiles, recent...

Initiation or continuation of oral labetalol versus extended‐release nifedipine in expectant management of preeclampsia with severe features

Abstract Introduction Preeclampsia with severe features remains a major contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity. In select patients <34 weeks, expectant management may safely prolong pregnancy and improve neonatal outcomes. Oral labetalol and extended‐release nifedipine...

Gromov–Wasserstein Barycenters: The Analysis Problem

Abstract. This paper considers the problem of estimating a matrix that encodes pairwise distances in a finite metric space—or, more generally, the edge weight matrix of a network—under the barycentric coding model with respect to the Gromov–Wasserstein (GW) distance function. We...

Label-free optical biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis

Reprogramming of cellular metabolism in cancer leads to changes in the activity of metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD which can be used as markers of tumorigenesis and metastasis. NAD(P)H and FAD form coupled redox pair and regulator of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Since NAD...

Plectin promotes an aggressive phenotype and represses cytotoxic T cell activity in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an abysmal disease, with a poor clinical outcome, largely due to limited life-extending treatments for patients. Notoriously, PDAC displays a T cell-suppressive tumor microenvironment where underlying molecular mechanisms th...

Comprehensive inter-comparison of generative AI models for super-resolution precipitation downscaling across hydroclimatic regimes

Abstract. High-resolution precipitation information is essential for hydrologic modeling, flood forecasting, and climate-risk assessment, yet global weather and climate models operate at spatial resolutions too coarse to resolve storm structure, intermittency, and extremes. Deep-...

Cell surface remodeling caused by the loss of the flippase subunit TMEM30A in immune cells

Plasma membrane lipid asymmetry is tightly regulated and fundamental to mammalian cell physiology. TMEM30A is the β-subunit of P4-ATPases, flippase enzymes that maintain strict phosphatidylserine (PS) asymmetry by pumping it from the outer to the cytosolic leaflet. Loss of TMEM30...

Theory of lineshapes in optical–optical double resonance spectroscopy

This paper presents a theory of lineshapes for molecular Optical-Optical Double Resonance (DR) Spectroscopy with arbitrary strength for both pump and probe fields using the steady-state solutions for the 3-level density matrix. When Doppler broadening can be neglected, the result...

Fertility in the Shadow of Cancer: Experiences of Reproductive Loss Among Women with Gynecological Cancers in Ghana

Abstract Background Gynecological cancers and their treatments can compromise fertility, with profound psychosocial consequences for women of reproductive age. Yet, women’s lived experiences of cancer-related infertility remain underexplored in low-resource settings, including Gh...

From making to judging: Art education in the AI era

Art creation becomes almost effortless with Generative AI. However, a bigger challenge arises at the heart of creativity: assessing the quality of what is produced and remaking it accordingly. This essay argues that the truly scarce and teachable skill in art education is not mer...

Quantitative computed tomography improves prediction of survival across ILD subtypes

Background Quantitative computed tomography (CT) methods are recognized as valuable tools for risk stratification in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Data-driven textural analysis (DTA) is one such approach that correlates with worse lung function and shorter survival in...

Challenges in the clinical learning environment: experiences of final-year nursing students in a tertiary institution in Ghana

Clinical practicum is central to nursing education, yet suboptimal Clinical Learning Environments can hinder competence development and readiness for practice. Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa remains limited, particularly on final-year students approaching transition to practice...

Burden of Disease in Pediatric Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: A Literature Review

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an ultra-rare, paraneoplastic syndrome caused by tumors secreting fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In children, TIO may be mistaken for more common causes of rickets and osteomalacia, including monogenic forms, leading to long diagnostic de...

Association of SGLT2 Inhibitor Use with Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Pan-Tumor Propensity-Matched Analysis

Abstract Background Recently, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and have also shown promising anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. Limited clinical data exist regarding the use of SGLT2i...