University of Oxford

Peroxiredoxin-6 protects against oxidative stress-mediated hypertrophic remodeling in JPH2-A399S knock-in mice

Background Most mutations causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affect sarcomeric proteins. Mutations in junctophilin-2 (JPH2) are also implicated, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. An A405S variant in JPH2 was identified in a male adolescent patient with interven...

Coral restoration is only practical when local human pressure levels are low

Abstract Coral reefs are threatened by interacting local (fishing, coastal development) and global (cli-mate change) stressors that degrade coral cover. Adding coral to the reef (coral restoration) is gaining prominence as a management strategy, however it is unclear whether rest...

The promise of self-supervised and active learning for Strong Lens discovery: Astronomaly applied to KiDS

Abstract Strong gravitational lenses (SGLs) are rare systems whose discovery currently relies primarily on supervised machine learning methods trained on large simulated datasets. We present the first application of Astronomaly:PROTEGE to SGL discovery, demonstrating that a human...

Association of socioeconomic status transition with arthritis: a life-course study

Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adulthood SES have independent effects on health outcomes. However, the varied effects of SES transition throughout the life course on arthritis remain underrecognized. This study aimed to investigate the association of SES transition with...

Trends in advanced HIV disease, treatment interruption, and viraemia in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Abstract Advanced HIV disease (AHD), treatment interruption and viraemia remain key challenges to effectiveness of HIV programmes in South Africa. Understanding the trends of these measures and their variation across geographic regions can inform more targeted and responsive inte...

Structural dynamics during the three-ion Coulomb explosion of highly charged CS2 in intense soft x-ray pulses

Using intense femtosecond soft x-ray pulses above the sulfur 2p edge produced by the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH), we investigate the multiple ionization and fragmentation dynamics of CS2. We focus on the three-ion fragmentation pathways of CS2 polycations with total ch...

Visibilising the gritty realities of truck driving work in the UK

This article introduces Josephine (Jo) Noon, a woman truck driver in her early 40s. Speaking as a woman in a male-dominated occupation, a recent entrant into the UK’s truck driving workforce and with experience driving in the UK and Europe, Jo’s account disrupts common misconcept...

Estimating enteric fever seroincidence in rural western Cambodia: Findings from a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey

Background: Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi, remains an important cause of febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, the exact burden is difficult to estimate due to limitations in diagnosis and surveillance.Met...

Human cortical networks trade communication efficiency for computational reliability

Brains are often described as cost-efficient communication networks, optimally balancing the cost of long connections with the benefits of fast communication. Here, inspired by the "use it or lose it" principle, we present a novel game-theoretic model of self-organizing neural un...

Understanding Barriers and Motivators of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genetic Testing: Insights From the Singapore Public

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common monogenic disorder associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease. Despite Singapore's high FH prevalence and the launch of the National FH Genetic Testing Programme in 2025, uptake...

Unsupervised dual-branch attention network for multifrequency ground-penetrating radar data fusion: an application to Arctic sea ice exploration

Abstract Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive electromagnetic (EM) method used for subsurface target detection and stratigraphic imaging. The use of a single-frequency GPR profile is inherently limited by the trade-off between penetration depth and vertical resoluti...

Risk of hepatitis B reactivation following corticosteroids for tuberculous meningitis

Abstract High-dose corticosteroids may cause reactivation or relapse of hepatitis B virus infection. We investigated the virologic and clinical consequences of 6-8 weeks dexamethasone in hepatitis B virus infected/exposed/unexposed HIV-negative adults with tuberculous meningitis...

Coordinated control of heterogeneous grid-connected energy storage systems

In this paper, it is demonstrated how the coordinated control of heterogeneous grid-connected Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) can result in increased profits compared to operating the ESSs independently when participating in the UK frequency market. A heterogeneous set of ESSs is m...

Risk of venous thromboembolism after knee, hip, or shoulder arthroplasty

Aims Arthroplasty is a widely used surgery for end-stage arthritis, but venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major postoperative complication. Most previous studies have relied solely on hospital data; no study has examined the effect of national clinical guidelines on the rate...

Dynamic Functional Synchronization Profiles in Autism Differ by Spatial Scale and Along Hierarchical Cortical Gradients.

Background: Prevailing theories propose that autism is characterized by local cortical overconnectivity and long-range underconnectivity, but empirical evidence remains mixed. Methods: = 1009) to examine how functional synchronization profiles dynamically change over time and acr...

Patient, surgeon, and institutional variation in dual-mobility component use in primary total hip arthroplasty

Aims The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution of patient-, surgeon-, and institution-level factors to variation in dual-mobility component use in primary total hip arthroplasty (DM-THA) in England. We sought to determine whether current patterns reflect appropriate...

Early outcomes of England's new biodiversity offset market

Abstract Nature markets are being operationalized as a tool to address the biodiversity finance gap and achieve global biodiversity targets. However, there is limited understanding of how the outcomes of these markets align with biodiversity targets. One example is the off‐site m...

Temporally structured motor and auditory representations in covert syllable production

Inner speaking—the deliberate generation of speech through covert production mechanisms—is a common human experience. Current accounts propose that it engages sensorimotor processes similar to those underlying overt speech. Here, we asked whether motor and auditory representation...

The impact of stochastic sea ice perturbations on seasonal forecasts

Abstract. Sea ice ensemble forecasts can be highly underdispersive, meaning that the ensemble spread is notably lower than the average forecast error. One common strategy to address underdispersion is to add stochastic perturbations to the forecasts. We detail the implementation...

A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: Application to typhoid fever

Substandard and falsified (SF) medicines are a neglected public health threat, with an estimated 7% of antimicrobials in low- and middle-income countries being SF. However, quantifying their clinical impact remains challenging. We developed a general framework for estimating popu...